Lo nyaka mtsha uza nophuhliso olubalulekileyo kwilifa lemveli: Iqela elikhulu lababhali baseSpain lingena kuluntuOku kuvumela ukufikelela kwimisebenzi yabo ngaphandle kwemiqathango eqhelekileyo yelungelo lokushicilela. Aba ngabadali abafa ngo-1945, imisebenzi yabo, xa ixesha elisemthethweni liphelile, ngoku inokuphinda ikhutshwe, ihlelwe, kwaye isasazwe ngokukhululekileyo.
La Ithala leencwadi leSizwe laseSpain (BNE) isebenzise eli thuba ukwenza iseti enkulu yezinto ezifakwe kwidijithali ifumaneke simahla, ngaloo ndlela iqinisa umsebenzi wayo ogxile kuwo ukuvula ukufikelela kwimveliso yoncwadi, yobugcisa neyenzululwazi xa imithetho ivumela oko. Kuluntu olufundayo, abaphandi, okanye abantu abanomdla nje, olu tshintsho lubonisa ubutyebi bezinto zasimahla.
Imisebenzi engaphezulu kwama-600 yababhali abali-154 iyafumaneka ngaphandle kwemiqathango
Ngokutsho kweziko, imisebenzi engaphezulu kwama-600 yababhali baseSpain abali-154 abasweleka ngo-1945 Bangene kuluntu ngo-2026. Oku kuthetha ukuba nabani na angakwazi zijonge kwaye uzikhuphele simahla ngeqonga le-intanethi I-BNE Digital, ngaphandle kwesidingo seemvume ezongezelelweyo.
ILayibrari yeSizwe yaseSpain (i-BNE) ibandakanya ezi zihloko ngaphakathi kwayo ikhathalogu yokufikelela evulekileyoeyanda minyaka le ngokongeza izinto ezintsha. Asikuko nje iincwadi, kodwa nezinye iintlobo zezinto ezigubungelayo izicatshulwa zesayensi, imveliso yobugcisa, izincoko, imisebenzi yesayensi ethandwayo kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo yeeprofayili ezahlukeneyo kakhulu.
Lo mzamo yinxalenye yeprojekthi eqhubekayo yeThala leeNcwadi leSizwe, elisebenza ngokuqhubekayo chonga ukuba zeziphi imisebenzi esele iphelelwe lixesha layo lokukhusela kwaye inokwabelwana ngayo ngaphandle kwemiqathango esemthethweni. Ngoko ke uhlaziyo luka-2026 lujoyina olo lweminyaka edlulileyo, nto leyo edala ugcino-zincwadi olubanzi ngakumbi nolubanzi.
Ngokwemigaqo yomthetho, imiqathango esetyenzisiweyo icacile: kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-80 sokufa kombhaliLo msebenzi awuvumelekanga ukuba ubhalwe phantsi, ubhalwe kwakhona kwaye usasazwe esidlangalaleni ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokugunyaziswa okanye ukuhlawulwa kwemali yokuhlawula.
Iiprofayili ezahlukeneyo kakhulu: ukusuka kwizazinzulu ukuya kubapeyinti kunye neentatheli
Uluhlu lwamagama angena kuluntu kulo nyaka lutyebile kwaye luhlukahlukene kakhulu. Phakathi kwalawo aqukiweyo kukho izazinzulu, oogqirha, abapeyinti, abaculi, ootitshala, ababhali beenoveli, abadlali beqonga, abadanisi, ababhali-mbali, abahleli, iintatheli, iimbongi, abafundisi-ntsapho kunye noonongendi, ebonisa ububanzi bamasimi amelweyo.
Ukubonelela ngemeko yezinye zezi profayili, iThala leeNcwadi leSizwe lilungiselele imizobo yobomi bababhali abalishumi, iyafumaneka kwi-portal yeziko Ababhali kwiThala leeNcwadi leSizwe laseSpainLa maphepha eenkcukacha anceda ekuqondeni umsebenzi wakhe, umsebenzi wakhe ophambili, kunye nendima yakhe kubomi benkcubeko nesayensi bexesha lakhe.
Asithethi nje ngabantu abaziwayo, kodwa sithetha nange abaphandi, ootitshala, ababhali, kunye nabadali abangathandwa kangako umsebenzi wakhe ubalulekile ekuqondeni imbali yengqondo neyobugcisa yesithathu sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20. Inyani yokuba imisebenzi yakhe ngoku ivulelekile ivumela ukufundwa okutsha, ukuphinda ufundwe, kunye nezifundo.
Ngoko ke eli nyathelo alijolisanga nje ekukhululeni imisebenzi ngokusemthethweni, kodwa likwajolise nakwi ukunika umbono kwimisebenzi eyayikade ibekwe ngasemva kwiimeko ezininziOku kuvulwa kwakhona kwekhathalogu kunika ithuba lokuphonononga iintetho ezibalaseleyo kunye nokwandisa ingqwalasela ukuze ibandakanye namanye amazwi.
Amanye amagama abalulekileyo phakathi kwababhali abatsha kuluntu
Kweli qela lababhali abali-154, iThala leeNcwadi leSizwe laseSpain (BNE) libonise inani labantu ababonakala ngokukodwa. Kwicandelo lobugcisa obubonakalayo, oku kulandelayo kuyabonakala: UJosé Gutiérrez Solana, UPedro Antonio Villahermosa y Borao (waziwa kakhulu ngesiginitsha yakhe) Ukuthula) e UIgnacio Zuloaga, zonke ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomboniso wobugcisa waseSpain phakathi kokuphela kwenkulungwane ye-19 kunye nesiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20.
Kwicandelo leencwadi neengcinga, amagama anje ngala: UMarÃa de la Concepción Alfaya López, utitshala, umbhali-mbali kunye nombhali weentsomi, okanye ULeonor Canalejas kunye neFustegueras, owatyikitya imisebenzi yakhe emininzi phantsi kwegama elingelolakhe Isidora SevillanoZombini zimele igalelo labasetyhini ekubhaleni nakubomi bengqondo ngexesha labo, kunye neetekisi eziquka imbali yezoqoqosho, utshintsho lwentlalo kunye nesenzo sokufundisa.
Iqela le izazinzulu kunye neengcali abanegalelo ekuhlanganisweni kwezifundo eziphambili. Ezi ziquka Blas Cabrera, isazi sefiziksi kunye nokukhuthaza ukuthandwa kweengcamango eziphambili zexesha lakhe; UJosé CastillejoUnjingalwazi woMthetho wamaRoma kunye nomkhuthazi wophando ngeBhodi yoLwandiso lweZifundo; kunye UJoaquÃn Gimeno Riera, ingcali yezifo zengqondo eyabhala enye yeencwadi zokuqala eziphathelele uhlalutyo lwengqondo ezapapashwa eSpeyin.
Kunye nala magama kuvela umbhali weencwadi UAntonio GraÃño, owaziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe njengomqokeleli kunye nomfundi wemveliso enxulumene Ukwenziwa kwekoloniyali yaseSpain eMelika nakwiiPhilippinesILayibrari yeSizwe yaseSpain (i-BNE) igcina imisebenzi yakhe emininzi, kuquka nezihloko ezinikezelwe kuluhlu lweencwadi zolwimi zasePhilippines.
Uluhlu lwababhali abakhankanyiweyo lukwabandakanya amanani afana nala: I-Telesphorus yase-Aranzadi y I-Odon of Good, enxulumene nophuhliso lwe isayensi yendalo kunye nebhayoloji yolwandleumqambi UJoaquÃn Larregla, kunye neencwadi ezininzi ezisusela kwimisebenzi yonqulo ukuya kwii-zarzuelas; umbhali kunye nentatheli UAntonio G. de Linares, umkhuthazi weempapasho ezifana Isitampu o ICrónica; o UAntonio de Zayas, ingcali yezopolitiko, isazi-mbali kunye nelinye lamagama aphambili eParnassianism eSpain.
Ukusasazwa kwendawo kunye nababhali abazelwe ngaphandle kweSpain
Enye yezinto ezimangalisayo kolu luhlu kukuba ukugubungela indawo ebanziNangona ingqwalasela ikwiincwadi zaseSpain, iNational Library of Spain (BNE) igxininisa ukuba phakathi kwamagama ali-154 apho kukho abantu abazalelwe [kwigama lelizwe elingekhoyo]. IArgentina, iCuba, iNgilane kunye neFransi abaphuhlise inxalenye ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi wabo enxulumene nehlabathi lamaHispanic. Nangona ezi meko zingafaniyo, eli ziko ligxininisa ukuba Uninzi lwababhali luvela eSpeyin..
Iqela limele lonke uluntu oluzimeleyoibonisa imeko-bume yenkcubeko eyahlukahlukeneyo. Olu luhlu luquka, umzekelo, Ababhali abali-10 abavela eAndalusia, 14 yeAragon, 11 ukusuka e-Asturias y 5 zeZiqithi zaseBalearicngokunjalo 2 ezivela kwiZiqithi zaseCanary y 1 yaseCantabriaICastile kunye neLeón ziyadibana Amagama angama-11 kunye neCastilla-La Mancha inegalelo 6.
Kwimeko ECatalonia zibaliwe Ababhali abangama-24ngelixa Uluntu lwaseMadrid uyaqokelela 16. la Uluntu lwaseValencian SUM Iiprofayili ezi-13, Extremadura igalelo 2, Galicia ukhona kunye Ababhali abangama-9 y La Rioja nge 1. Kwinxalenye yayo, Navarra unayo 3 abameli, i Ilizwe laseBasque nge 6 kunye Ummandla waseMurcia nge 3.
Olu sasazo lubonisa ukuba ilifa elingena kuluntu alijoliswanga kuphela kumaziko amakhulu okushicilela emveli, kodwa Inxulunyaniswa phantse kuzo zonke iingingqi zelizweNgoko ke, abasebenzisi abajongana nale misebenzi baya kufumana amazwi avela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zasekuhlaleni, zombini ezidolophini nasemaphandleni.
Ukubakho kwababhali abazalelwe ngaphandle kweSpain kodwa abadityaniswe kweli qela kukwabonisa ubukhulu behlabathi benkcubeko yolwimi lwesiSpanish, kunye neendlela ezinqumla imida kwaye ngoku zinokulandeleka lula ngenxa yokwenziwa kwedijithali.
Imephu esebenzisanayo kunye nezixhobo zokukhangela kwi-BNE
Ukuze kube lula ukuphononongwa kwale nkampani intsha yemisebenzi kuluntu, i-BNE iphuhlise Imephu yokusebenzisana Esi sixhobo sivumela abasebenzisi ukuba babonise ngokubonakalayo ukusasazwa kwababhali ngokweendawo. Sibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhangela, ezenzelwe abasebenzisi abakhethekileyo kunye nabo bafuna nje ukukhangela.
Imephu ikuvumela ukuba ufumane abantu abaqukwe kuluhlu ngegama lombhali, ngephondo lokuzalwa, okanye ngomsebenzi oyintlokoNgale ndlela, kunokwenzeka, umzekelo, ukucoca kuphela ababhali abangabasetyhini abavela kuluntu oluthile, okanye ukugxila kwizazinzulu ezivela kummandla othile.
Ukongeza kwimephu, iqonga I-BNE Digital Ibonelela ngenkqubo yayo yokukhangela, apho unokukwazi khona ukufikelela ngqo kwimisebenzi eyenziwe ngedijithaliUmsebenzisi angakhangela ngombhali, isihloko, isihloko, okanye ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo zekhathalogu, ekhuphela amaxwebhu kwiifomathi ezahlukeneyo apho kunokwenzeka khona.
Indibaniselwano yekhathalogu kunye nezixhobo ezibonakalayo ijolise ekwenzeni okungakumbi ukufikelela ngokulula kwilifa lemveli elidijithaliOku kunciphisa imiqobo yokungena kwabo bangaziyo iidathabheyisi ezintsonkothileyo zeencwadi. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kootitshala, abafundi, kunye nabafundi abangengochwepheshe.
Umsebenzi weThala leeNcwadi leSizwe laseSpain (BNE) ngemisebenzi engena kuluntu
Iziko ngokwalo ligxininisa ukuba le nkqubo ayiyonto iyenzeka kube kanye okanye ayiqhutywanga. Ithala leeNcwadi leSizwe ligxininisa ukuba Unyaka ngamnye yenza inkqubo yokufunda nokukhetha ukumisela ukuba yeyiphi imisebenzi enokuvulwa kuluntu ngokuhambelana nomthetho wangoku. Lo mzamo ubandakanya zombini uphononongo lwedatha yobomi kunye nokucwangciswa kokwenziwa kwezinto zibe zedijithali.
Kwiingxelo ezikhutshiweyo, i-BNE igxininisa ukuba injongo yayo ukuchonga, ukunika ukubonakala nokwenza kufumaneke kuluntu Imisebenzi yoncwadi, yobugcisa, neyenzululwazi efikelele esiphelweni sexesha layo lokushicilela. Ukungena kuluntu lonke ke ngoko lithuba lokuba le misebenzi isuke kwiingxelo ezigciniweyo nakwiishelufu zeencwadi iye kwizikrini zalo naliphi na umsebenzisi.
Isakhelo somthetho sibaluleke kakhulu kweli nqanaba: kanye Kwiminyaka engama-80 emva kokusweleka kombhaliAmalungelo oqoqosho okuxhaphaza ayayeka ukusebenza. Ukususela ngelo xesha ukuya phambili, imisebenzi ingasebenza iphinda yaveliswa, yahlelwa, yaguqulelwa okanye yasasazwa esidlangalaleni ngaphandle kwentlawulo yeeroyalthi, ukuba nje imithetho yokuthembeka nokwamkelwa kombhali iyahlonitshwa.
Olu tshintsho kwimeko yezomthetho aluchaphazeli amathala eencwadi kunye neengxelo-mbali kuphela, kodwa lukwachaphazela abapapashi, iiprojekthi zemfundo, amaqonga enkcubeko kunye nabadali abanqwenela ukusebenzisa kwakhona lo mxholo kwiinguqulelo ezintsha, kwiingqokelela zezinto, kuphando, okanye kwiiprojekthi zobugcisa. Ukufikelela okuvulekileyo kunciphisa iindleko kwaye kwandisa amathuba okusasazwa.
Enyanisweni, yonke iJanuwari iba luhlobo "lomda" ongokomfanekiso: Iqela elitsha lababhali lijoyina indawo eqhelekileyongaphandle kwemiqathango efanayo naleyo yayisebenza kunyaka ophelileyo. Uhlaziyo lwango-2026, olujolise kwabo basweleka ngo-1945, luqinisa olu tshintsho lokuhlaziywa rhoqo kommandla woluntu.
Ngale phakheji intsha yemisebenzi engaphezulu kwama-600 efikeleleka simahla, inkqubo yenkcubeko eSpain ifumana ubutyebi obuphezulu: uluhlu olubanzi nolunezifundo ezininzi oluquka isayensi, izincoko, uncwadi, ubugcisa obubonakalayo, kunye nomculoUmsebenzi weLayibrari yeSizwe yaseSpain (BNE), odibanisa ukwenziwa kwedijithali, izixhobo zokukhangela, kunye nezixhobo ezihambelana nomxholo, uqinisekisa ukuba aba babhali, ngoku abangena kuluntu, bahlala bekhona kwincoko yenkcubeko neyezemfundo, kwaye uvula ithuba lokuba imibhalo yabo kunye nophando lwabo luphinde lujikeleziswe, lupapashwe, lufundwe, kwaye lufundwe kwakhona ngokwembono yemibuzo yanamhlanje.
