
Indawo yokuhlala; Vicente Blasco Ibáñez
Umkhosi yidrama yasemaphandleni ebhalwe ligqwetha laseValencian, ezopolitiko, intatheli kunye nombhali uVicente Blasco Ibáñez. Ngumsebenzi owapapashwa ngo-1898, kwaye waqulunqwa kwisubgenre eyaziwa ngokuba yiNaturalism. Njengenyaniso enomdla, ngo-1945, uRoberto Gavaldón wavelisa ifilimu eseti kwinoveli, ehamba noDomingo Soler, u-Anita Blanch kunye noManolo Fábregas.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwi-1979, kwi-Television yaseSpain, uchungechunge oluqondiswe nguLeón Klimovsky lwakhululwa, olubonisa imisebenzi ka-Álvaro de Luna, uMarisa de Leza, uVictoria Abril, uLola Herrera noLuis Suárez kwiindima eziphambili. Isihloko sikaBlasco Ibáñez sinomndilili wokulinganisa we-4.06 kwiinkwenkwezi ezi-5 kwi-Goodreads, ethetha ngokugqithisela okuthile ngexesha.
Umxholo wembali noncwadi
Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo iLa barraca kuyimfuneko ukuyibeka ngaphakathi kwesakhelo se-Naturalism, intshukumo yoncwadi efuna ukubonisa into eyiyo ngokwenjongo, phantse ngendlela yenzululwazi, egxininisa kwezona nkalo zikrwada zobukho bomntu. ESpeyin ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, ukungalingani kwezentlalo kunye nentlupheko yasemaphandleni yayigquba, kwaye Blasco Ibanez Wazimisela ukunika ilizwi kwezi ngxaki ngebali lakhe.
Umbhali ukwaphenjelelwe ngumbutho wohlaziyo, owawukhuthaza uhlaziyo loluntu lwaseSpain emva kokudodobala kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho ngenkulungwane ye-19. Umkhosi inokutolikwa njengelinge lokukhanyisa ungquzulwano lwentlalo oko kwathintela inkqubela kumaphandle aseSpeyin.
isishwankathelo sesakhiwo
Le noveli igxile kwintsapho kaBatiste Borrull, othatha isigqibo sokuqesha i-barrack —ikhaya elincinane elisemaphandleni—nomhlaba olingqongileyo, owalahliweyo emva kweminyaka yongquzulwano phakathi kwabo babefudula beqeshisa kunye nabanini-mhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, ukufika kwakhe kuvula ubutshaba babamelwane, abajonga le mihlaba njengeqalekisiweyo kwaye babone uBatiste njengomphangi osongela izithethe kunye nokulungelelaniswa koluntu.
Phezu kwayo nje imigudu yakhe yokusebenza umhlaba nokuhlonitshwa ngabemi belali, UBatiste kunye nosapho lwakhe baphantsi kokuphathwa kakubi. Oku kukhatywa kuqina ngezenzo zokonakalisa kunye nokuhlasela ngokuthe ngqo, okukhokelela kwincopho ebuhlungu ebonisa inkohlakalo yeengxabano zezentlalo kunye nokungenakwenzeka kokuphepha ibala elihlangeneyo.
Imixholo ephambili yenoveli
Umzabalazo weklasi kunye nokungalingani kwezentlalo
Omnye wemixholo ebalaseleyo ye Umkhosi Lungquzulwano phakathi kwabasebenzi basemaphandleni kunye nabanini-mhlaba, abalawula umhlaba baze baqhubele phambili inkqubo yokuxhatshazwa. Umzobo weBatiste ufanekisela umntu osebenza nzima onqwenela ukuphumelela ngomzamo, kodwa ijongene nenkqubo engenabulungisa ngokunzulu kunye noluntu olubanjwe yingqumbo kunye nomona.
Ukulahlwa komntu wasemzini
Umzobo womphambukeli okanye umngeneleli ungundoqo kwingxelo. Ngaphandle kokwabelana ngobunzima kunye neemfuno ezifanayo nabamelwane babo, UBatiste ubonwa njengesoyikiso sokuhlala kumhlaba uluntu oluwuthatha njengoqalekisiweyo. Oku kugatywa "kokunye" kubonisa amandla okucalula kunye nomkhethe odla ngokuvela kwiindawo ezivaliweyo.
Ukufa kunye nokuzimisela
Ethembekile kwindalo, uBlasco Ibáñez ubonisa abalinganiswa bakhe njengamaxhoba okusingqongileyo kunye neemeko zentlalo nezoqoqosho ezibangqongileyo. Phezu kwayo nje imigudu yakhe, UBatiste akakwazi ukubaleka ikamva lakhe elibi, ukubethelela uluvo lokuba abantu balawulwa zizinto zangaphandle ezingaphaya kwamandla abo.
Indalo njengesetingi kunye ne-protagonist
Ummandla waseValencian awusebenzi nje ngasemva, kodwa usebenza njengomnye umlinganiswa ebalini. Iinkcazo ezineenkcukacha yamasimi, izityalo kunye nemozulu zibonakalisa zombini ubuhle kunye nobutshaba bendalo esingqongileyo, ngokusondeleyo kwimizabalazo yabalinganiswa.
Obona balinganiswa
Batiste Borrull
I-protagonist, indoda esebenza nzima kwaye ethembekileyo ofuna kuphela ukubonelela ngekamva elingcono kusapho lwakhe. Ukunyamezela kwakhe kwahlukile kwintiyo engekho ngqiqweni yabamelwane bakhe.
Teresa
Umfazi kaBatiste, owabelana naye ngobunzima bakhe kwaye uzama ukugcina uzinzo ekhaya.
Abantwana bakaBatiste
Zifuzisela ithemba lekamva elilunge ngakumbi, nangona bebandezeleka ngenxa yemiphumo yokungafunwa kwezentlalo.
Abamelwane
Ngokudibeneyo, bamele ukuvala ingqondo kunye nocalucalulo olulawula uluntu.
Isimbo esibalisayo somsebenzi
UBlasco Ibáñez usebenzisa isitayela esithe ngqo nesichazayo, uphawu lwe-Naturalism. Imizobo eneenkcukacha yeendawo zasemaphandleni kunye nezithethe zabalimi zidala umoya onzulu, ngelixa ulwimi lwencoko lwencoko lubonelela ngobunyani kubalinganiswa. Ngaphaya koko, umbhali usebenzisa ibali elizele yimpixano, nto leyo egcina umfundi ethandabuzeka de kufike isiphumo.
Impembelelo kunye nolwamkelo
Ngexesha lakhe, Indawo yokuhlala Wayenconywa ngobugorha bakhe bokujongana nemiba yentlalo enobuzaza nangokubonisa ngokuthembeka kwakhe ubomi basemaphandleni. Nangona kunjalo, Kwakhona wagxekwa ngenxa yokungabi nathemba kwakhe nokuba ngqongqo kweenkcazelo zakhe. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, le noveli izenzele njengomsebenzi ophambili kuncwadi lweSpanish, zombini ngexabiso layo loncwadi kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwezentlalo.
Ilifa
I-Barraca ngumsebenzi odlula ixesha lawo ngokujongana nemixholo yendalo yonke efana nokulwela ubulungisa, ukugatywa kwabo bahlukileyo, kunye nefuthe lemo engqongileyo kwikamva lomntu. UVicente Blasco Ibáñez ulawula, ngobuchule bakhe bokubalisa, ukupeyinta umfanekiso wokwenyani noshukumayo wengxabano. eyaphembelela ubomi basemaphandleni ngenkulungwane ye-19 eSpeyin.
Ukufunda le noveli kungena kwihlabathi leengxabano ezinzulu zabantu., apho umlo wokusinda ungqubana nemiqobo yokunganyamezelani nokungalingani.
Iqhekeza le Umkhosi
«Abagwebi bagcina iingxelo zamangqina kwinkumbulo yabo kwaye bagweba ngokukhawuleza, ngokuzola kwabo baziyo ukuba izigqibo zabo kufuneka zenziwe. Othe wanyelisa inkundla, makahlawuliswe; "Ukuba nabani na uyala ukuthobela isigwebo, uya kumthatha amanzi ngonaphakade kwaye uya kufa yindlala."
Sobre el autor
UVicente Blasco Ibáñez wazalwa nge-29 kaJanuwari 1867 eValencia, eSpain. Ebomini, yakhula ngakuye, idibene nephephandaba Ilali —owawusekayo—umbutho wezobupolitika weriphabliki owaziwa ngokuba yi-blasquism. Ebutsheni bakhe, wayenethuba lokufunda Iimbandezelo, nguVictor Hugo. Ukususela ngoko, umbhali-mbali uRamiro Reig wathi, wayesazi ukuba uza kuba ngumbhali wenguqu.
Ucatshulwa nguVicente Blasco Ibáñez
- "Ububele bokwenyani bubandakanya ukukhohlakala, kuba ke utshaba oloyikayo lunikezela ngokukhawuleza kwaye umhlaba uhlupheka kancinci."
- "Umntu ohlwempuzekileyo ozinikele kwikamva lakhe kwaye akafuni ukuba sisityebi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na, ngegwegwe okanye ngokugwenxa, uligwala okanye ungento, kwaye akanako ukuguqula ubungendawo bakhe bube yinto efanelekileyo."
- «Njengerhamncwa lokuqiqa, libazi ngakumbi ubukhulu bengozi ngakumbi kunezinye izilo; kodwa uphila ngolonwabo, ngenxa yokuba akalibali, yaye uqinisekile ukuba ukho uMlungiseleli ongenamsebenzi wumbi ngaphandle kokuba amlinde.
- «Isilwanyana asiwazi umthetho, ubulungisa, imfesane; Uphila njengekhoboka lobumnyama bethuku lakhe. Sicinga, kwaye ukucinga kuthetha inkululeko. Owomeleleyo, ukuze omelele, akufuneki abe nenkohlakalo; "Kukhulu xa ingawasebenzisi kakubi amandla ayo kwaye ilungile."
- "Umntu, ogwetyelwe ubukrwada nokuzingca ngokwendalo yakhe, unokuzinikela kancinci kumbandela ocekeceke njengombongo."
Ezinye iincwadi zikaVicente Blasco Ibáñez
Novelas
- Iingcamango (Iintsomi kunye nezithethe) (1887);
- Ngelizwe! Romeu the Guerrilla (1888);
- Isigcawu esimnyama (1892);
- Phila ixesha elide iRiphabhlikhi! (1893);
- Ubusuku bomtshato (1893);
- Ilayisi kunye ne tartana (1894);
- Iintyatyambo zikaMeyi (1895);
- Abalandeli (1895);
- Amabali aseValencian (1896);
- Phakathi kwemithi yeorenji (1900);
- Abagwetyiweyo (1900);
- USónnica umhlekazi (1901);
- Iingcongolo nodaka (1902);
- Icawa enkulu (1903);
- Umngeneleli (1904);
- Indawo yotywala (1905);
- Isihlwele (1905);
- I-maja ehamba ze (1906);
- Umnqweno wokuphila (1953);
- igazi kunye nesanti (1908);
- Umthetho ofileyo (1909);
- Luna Benamor (1909);
- Iingxoxo (1914);
- Abakhweli bamahashe abane besityhilelo (1916);
- Mare Nostrum (1918);
- Iintshaba zabafazi (1919);
- Imali-mboleko yomfi (1921);
- Iparadesi yabasetyhini (1922);
- Umhlaba womntu wonke (1922);
- UKumkanikazi uCalafia (1923);
- Iinoveli ezivela eCôte d'Azur (1924);
- Isizwe esithunjiweyo (Uloyiko lomkhosi eSpain) (1924);
- Uyise wolwandle (1925);
- Ezinyaweni zeVenus: iBorgias (1926);
- Iinoveli zothando nokufa (1927);
- Mademoiselle Norma (1927);
- I-idyll ye-nihilistic (1928);
- Bala uGarci Fernandez (1928);
- UMarujita Quiros (1928);
- UMnu. Avellaneda (1928);
- Ubunzima basezinzulwini zobusuku: iintsomi kunye nezithethe (1928);
- I-Knight yeNtombi Enyulu (1929);
- Ukukhangela iKhan enkulu (1929);
- Utata uClaudio (1930);
- Isiporho esinamaphiko egolide (1930);
- Owasetyhini ogwetyiweyo kunye namanye amabali (1979).
Eminye imisebenzi
- Ikhatekisimu yeriphabliki elungileyo yomdibaniso (1892);
- I-Paris, imbonakalo yomphambukeli (1893);
- Ijaji. Idrama kwizenzo ezintathu nakwiprozi (1894);
- Kwilizwe lobugcisa (iinyanga ezintathu eItali) (1896);
- Empuma (hamba) (1907);
- IArgentina kunye nobukhulu bayo (1910);
- Isithunzi sika-Attila: iimvakalelo zemfazwe enkulu (1916);
- Umkhosi waseMexico: izifundo ezipapashwe kumaphephandaba aphambili aseUnited States (1920);
- Isizwe esithunjiweyo (uloyiko lomkhosi eSpain) (1924);
- Ehlabathini lonke lombhali wenoveli (1924-1925);
- EyeSpain kunye ngokuchasene noKumkani (uAlfonso XIII utyhilekile) (1925);
- Iya kuba yintoni iRiphabhlikhi yaseSpain (Ukuya kwilizwe kunye nomkhosi) (1925);
- Imbali yeMfazwe yaseYurophu ka-1914 (1914-1921);
- Imbali yenguqu yaseSpain (ukusuka kwiMfazwe yokuzimela ukuya ekuBuyiselweni kweSagunto) 1808-1874 (1890-1892).