I-jarchas ye-Mozarabic yenye yezona zinto zindala kunye neyona nto inomdla wokufunda ubuncwane kwi-Peninsula yase-Iberia. Azikho nto zingaphaya kwaye azikho ngaphantsi, kuneengoma ezimfutshane ezibhalwe kumxube wothando lwaseSpanish nesiArabhu. Ngoko ke, zibubungqina obukhethekileyo bobutyebi benkcubeko obuvela kubudlelwane phakathi kweenkcubeko zamaKristu, amaSilamsi kunye namaYuda ngexesha lamaXesha Aphakathi eSpain.
Ezi gems zincinci zovakalelo kunye nobuntununtunu zibaluleke ngakumbi kuba zenza eyona mbonakalo yakudala eyaziwayo yothando lwengoma, isandulela sesithethe esityebileyo semibongo yaseSpain. Ngokusebenzisa le migca mifutshane Siza kuphonononga iimpawu, imixholo ephindaphindiweyo kunye nokubaluleka kwembali kunye nenkcubeko ye-jarchas, ibalaselisa indima yayo njengebhulorho phakathi kwezithethe ezahlukeneyo.
Imvelaphi yeejarchas zeMozarabic
Iingqayi zokuqala Kubonakala ngathi baqala ngenkulungwane ye-11, besenza inxalenye ye-moaxajas, uhlobo lwemibongo yesi-Andalusi yama-Arabhu eyakhula eAl-Andalus.. Ayebhalwe ubukhulu becala ngesiArabhu esiqhelekileyo, kwaye yayiziingoma ezicwangcisiweyo eziqukumbela ngestanza esifutshane ngolwimi lwesiRomance okanye isiyelelane saseMozarabic.
Ixesha elide, i-jarchas Bahlala bengaziwa kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Oku kwatshintsha ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, xa izazi ngefilosofi neengcali zasempuma ezinjengoSamuel Miklos Stern zaqalisa ukubaphawula kwimibhalo-ngqangi yamandulo.
Ukufunyanwa kweejarchas kwaphawula isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali yoncwadi. Oku, ke, akuvezanga nje ubukho bokuqala bengoma yothando lweSpanishi, kodwa kwangqina nokuhlalisana kolwimi kunye nenkcubeko ebonisa u-Al-Andalus.
Iingqayi Eneneni, balilizwi labantu abathi, nangona babephila phantsi kolawulo lwamaSilamsi, yagcina imvelaphi yayo yolwimi nenkcubeko iphila. Oku, kwangaxeshanye, kushiya ubungqina bendlela ezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezinokomelela ngayo, zigcine ekuhambeni kwexesha indlela yazo yokubona nokuvakalelwa kwehlabathi, nto leyo abayiphuhlisayo kwiinkolo zabo, iintsomi nobugcisa.
Iimpawu ezisesikweni zeMozarabic jarchas
Iingqayi Zinesakhiwo esilula kodwa sigcwele ukuvakaliswa. Ubufutshane bazo, ngokuqhelekileyo iindinyana ezimbini ukuya kwezine, zibenza bacace kwaye bangqale. Nangona zibhalwe nge-aljamía - oko kukuthi, ukusebenzisa oonobumba besiArabhu okanye besiHebhere ukukhuphela amagama eRomance - umxholo wabo weengoma ufikeleleka ngokunzulu ngenxa yendalo yonke. Phakathi kweempawu zayo eziphambili zezi:
Ulwimi kunye nemitha
Nangona basebenzisa ulwimi lwesiMozarabic, i-jarchas bonisa izinto zothando zakuqala ezinokuthi ziguqukele kwiSpanish sanamhlanje. Umitha wayo udla ngokungaqhelekanga, ulungelelanisa ithoni yeemvakalelo kunokuba iipateni ezingqongqo.
ukulula okucacileyo
Kwangelo xesha ii<em>jarchas zibalasele ngokuzenzekela nolwimi lwazo olulula, ebonisa iimvakalelo zabantu jikelele ezinjengothando, ulangazelelo okanye intlungu.
Ukudibana phakathi
Njengenxalenye yokugqibela ye-moaxajas, iijarchas zihlala zineempawu ezidibeneyo, isebenza njenge-echo yeemvakalelo okanye isishwankathelo semixholo ephuhliswe kuwo wonke umbongo.
Imixholo, amanani kunye ne-motifs ephindaphindiweyo kwi-jarchas
Umxholo ophambili we-jarchas luthando, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokwembono yabasetyhini. Kwezi zingoma, ilizwi elinoncuthu lwengoma lidla ngokuba lelomfazi ovakalisa iimvakalelo zakhe zentabatheko, umnqweno, unxunguphalo okanye ilahleko. Le ndlela ibalasele kuncwadi lwamaxesha aphakathi, ilawulwa ngamazwi angamadoda.
Isililo sothando
IiJarchas zihlala zivakalisa ukungabikho okanye umgama wesithandwa. Abasetyhini bayazisola ngokwahlukana kwabo, intlungu yabo yokungaphindiswa okanye ukoyika ukulahlwa. Eminye imizekelo yoku yile ilandelayo:
Jarcha kaYosefu al-Kātib
Uthando oluninzi, uthando oluninzi,
habib, uthando oluninzi!
Enfermiron welios nidios
kwaye ibuhlungu kakhulu.
Inguqulelo:
Ukusuka ekuthandeni okungaka, kokuthanda okungaka,
ethandwa, ekuthandeni kakhulu!
Ngaphambili amehlo asempilweni aye agula
kwaye ngoku benzakala kakhulu.
IJarcha yakwaYuda Halevi
Báayse méw quorażón de mib.
Yā Rabb, ukuba uya kundibuyisela umva?
Ibindikhathaza kakhulu li-l-habīb!
Sick yéd: kuánd šanád?
Inguqulelo:
Intliziyo yam iyandishiya.
Oh nkosi yam andazi noba izobuyela na kum!
Ndibuhlungu kakhulu ngenxa yalowo ndimthandayo!
Uyagula, uzakuphila nini?
Ukubaluleka kobumfihlo kumama wakho okanye kubahlobo bakho
Kwiijarchas ezininzi, i-protagonist ibhekisa kumama okanye abahlobo bakhe ukwabelana ngeentlungu zabo zothando, isixhobo esomeleza ukusondelelana novakalelo lombongo.
Umnqweno kunye nothando
Nangona ubufutshane bayo, I-jarchas ikwazi ukuhambisa umnqweno ngentlawulo eyothusayo yeemvakalelo, usebenzisa izikweko ezilula kodwa ezisebenzayo.
Impembelelo yenkcubeko yeejarchas
I-jarchas ayinayo kuphela ixabiso njengeziqwenga zoncwadi, kodwa nayo Zibubungqina bentsebenziswano yenkcubeko enzima ye-Al-Andalus. Ngeli xesha, i-Peninsula yase-Iberia yayiyi-mosaic yeenkolo kunye neelwimi eziye zahlala kunye, ezichaphazelayo. I<em>jarchas ibonisa oku kuhlalisana, idibanisa izinto zesiArabhu nesiHebhere kunye nolwimi lwesiRomance, ngaloo ndlela ilindele ukwahlukana okwakuya kuchaza inkcubeko yaseSpeyin kwiinkulungwane ezilandelayo.
Ngaphezu koko, iingqayi Bamele enye yeembonakaliso zokuqala ezibhaliweyo zemibongo edumileyo yaseHispanic., ibhulorho phakathi kwezithethe zomlomo nezoncwadi. Ezi ngqungquthela zibonisa indlela imibongo edumileyo Iphembelele iindidi ezintsonkothileyo, ipateni eya kuphindwa kwinguquko yoncwadi lweSpanish, ukusuka kwiingoma zeKrisimesi ukuya kwizithandani zikaJorge Manrique.
Impembelelo yeejarchas kuncwadi lwamva
Impembelelo yeejarchas Inokulandelwa kwiingoma zesiSpanishi, ngakumbi kwiingoma zeKrisimesi kunye neengoma ezidumileyo zeRenaissance.. Ukulula kwe-jarchas, uvakalelo, kunye nokugxila kwimixholo yendalo yonke yaphembelela kamva isihobe sengoma, inceda ukubumba isithethe esibonakaliswa ngokukwazi ukuhambisa iimvakalelo ezinzulu ngolwimi olufikelelekayo.
Kwakhona, Iijarchas zibonelela ngemvelaphi yoncwadi lothando lwabasetyhini, eyayiza kubalasela ngakumbi kumaxesha amva. Nangona ngelo xesha bengazange bakhawulwe njengeziqwenga zoncwadi ezizimeleyo, ukuhlaziywa kwabo kwenze ukuba kwenzeke ukuba kubonakale isithethe apho iimvakalelo kunye namazwi avela kwindawo eqinisekisa indima yabasetyhini njengoko kunokwenzeka ukuba abadali bafumana amandla.
Ukubaluleka kokuphononongwa kweejarchas
Iijarchas zeMozarabic Ziyilifa lembongi elixabisa kakhulu kwiPeninsula yase-Iberia, ifestile kubuntununtunu kunye neemvakalelo zexesha eliphawulwa lunxibelelwano lwenkcubeko nolwimi. Nangona zincinci ngobude, ezi zingoma zinkulu ngokwembali nokubaluleka kwazo kuncwadi. Ziquka unxibelelwano phakathi kweenkcubeko, ukubonakaliswa kweemvakalelo zehlabathi kunye nentsholongwane yesithethe sombongo esinyamezeleyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Uphononongo kunye novavanyo lwee-jarchas kusivumela ukuba siqonde ngcono ixesha elidlulileyo, kodwa kwakhona ukubonakalisa ubutyebi obuvela kwizinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuphilisana. Kubo ilizwi leSpeyin yamandulo liyavakala, apho imida yenkcubeko idityanisiwe ngokuthanda indalo kunye nokubonisana kwabantu.