I-neoclassicism yoncwadi: iimpawu, ubude kunye nababhali abaphawulekayo

I-neoclassicism yoncwadi

I-neoclassicism yoncwadi

I-Literary Neoclassicism yayiyintshukumo yenkcubeko kunye nobugcisa eyavela ngokungafaniyo neRococo eYurophu, ngexesha le-18 leminyaka, phakathi kweXesha lokuKhanya - eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Age of Enlightenment" -. Le yangoku ibifuna ukuhlangula amaxabiso kunye ne-aesthetics yeGreco-Roman classicism, ukukhuthaza uncwadi olunengqiqo, oluqeqeshekileyo olugxile kucwangco kunye nokuziphatha.

Emva kokuwohloka kukaNapoleon Bonaparte, zonke iindawo apho intshukumo yayikhona—izakhiwo, umzobo, umculo kunye noncwadi—zityekele ekuthandeni iRomanticism. Ngeli nqaku lifutshane, Siza kuhlola ngokweenkcukacha iimpawu zayo eziphambili, ixesha layo kunye nababhali abafanelekileyo kweli xesha liphawulwe kufundo nophuhliso lolwazi.

Umxholo wembali wokuzalwa kwe-Neoclassicism

Kunokuthiwa i-neoclassicism yavela ngenxa yezinto ezininzi ezifunyenweyo. Phakathi kwezona zibalulekileyo iivillas zasePompeii naseHerculaneum, ezafunyanwa ngo-1738. Lilonke, kwafunyanwa uthotho lwezinto zexesha lakudala, ezazixhaswa nguCharles III waseSpeyin, ukumkani waseNaples ngelo xesha. Oku kwaphawula i-aesthetics yentshukumo.

Phakathi kwe-1757 kunye ne-1792 iincwadi ezifana ne IAntichitá di Ercolano, eyathi yakhuthaza amagcisa, phezu kwako nje ukusasazwa kwayo okulinganiselweyo. Abaphengululi belo xesha babenomnqweno wokubuyela ezingcanjini zabo, ukuze bafumanise umkhondo ababewushiyile ookhokho babo, ngoko baqalisa ukuxhasa amaphulo ohambo oluya eGrisi naseRoma, apho babefuna impefumlelo ekucaceni nasekulula kobugcisa babo.

Ukunyakaza kwavela njengendlela yokusabela kwi-ornamental and emotional excession of the Baroque and Rococo. Ikhuthazwe kukufunyanwa kwakhona kwenkcubeko yakudala, I-Neoclassicism yazama ukubuyisela iinjongo zokulula, umlinganiselo kunye nokusetyenziswa ezazigqugqisile mandulo, ziphembelela intanda-bulumko nemigaqo yezentlalo yelo xesha.

Iimpawu eziphambili ze-neoclassicism yoncwadi

Enye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zophawu lweNeoclassicism lunqulo lokuqiqa. Kule ntshukumo, amagcisa azishiya ngokupheleleyo iimfundiso zenkolo, akhetha ukungakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo egxile kufundo lwendalo iphela, indalo, imiba yentlalo efana nendima yabasetyhini kwaye, ngokubanzi, ukuma okucwangcisiweyo okuthethelela inzululwazi. Ezinye iimpawu zezi:

Ingqiqo kunye nokucaca

Uncwadi lweNeoclassical lubeka phambili ukucinga okunengqiqo kunye nokucaca kwentetho. Le misebenzi ifuna ukusasaza iimbono ngendlela elungelelanisiweyo, inqanda ukungacaci. kunye nokugqithisa kwesimbo, ukongeza ekubonisweni njengesixhobo soluntu esifanele sisetyenziswe luluntu ngokubanzi.

Ukuxelisa iiklasikhi

Ababhali bathatha njengomzekelo wabo ababhali abakhulu beGrisi neRoma yamandulo, abanjengoHomer, Virgil noHorace. Oku kuguqulelwe kwisitayile esinengqondo kunye nolwakhiwo olungqongqo kwiintlobo ezinjengeentlekele, i-epic kunye nentetho.

Umsebenzi weDidactic kunye nokuziphatha

Uncwadi lweNeoclassical lwalunenjongo yokufundisa nokuziphatha kakuhle kuluntu. Le misebenzi yayikhuthaza imilinganiselo enjengokulunga, ubulungisa nokumodareyitha, ehambelana neengcamango zokuKhanya. Ubugcisa ngenxa yobugcisa kunye neengcamango ezimiselweyo azizange zamkelwe. Enyanisweni, lulwazi kuphela olunokufunyanwa ngokuqiqa namava olwamkelwayo.

Imithetho yomanyano

Iphefumlelwe yimithetho ka-Aristotelian, Imisebenzi yedrama yayihlonipha umanyano lwesenzo, ixesha nendawo, eqinisekisa ibali elihambelanayo negxininise.

Ubume bemixholo

Ii-neoclassicals zijongene nemixholo yehlabathi jikelele kunye nengapheliyo, njengemeko yomntu, iimpawu ezintle kunye nezenzo ezimbi., ukushiya ecaleni i-subjective kunye neyomntu, kwakhona, ihambela kude kwi-romanticization, inkolelo kunye neengcamango ezingabonakaliyo ezingenakuqinisekiswa ngokufunda ngekhonkrithi.

Isimbo esiphilileyo nesilungeleleneyo

Ulwimi olusetyenziswayo lwalumnandi kodwa lulula, lungahonjiswanga ngokugqithiseleyo. okanye ukugqithisa okuqhelekileyo kweBaroque. Ngokukwanjalo, umbhali wabonwa njengengcali ekwaziyo ukuziphilisa ngomsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa, hayi kakhulu njengegcisa elinikwe intelekelelo kunye nemyuziyam.

Iintlobo zoncwadi zeNeoclassicism

Ngeli xesha, iintlobo ezithile zoncwadi ziphumelele uphuhliso oluthile, olubonisa iinjongo zentshukumo. Phakathi kwabo, oku kulandelayo:

Umdlalo ohlekisayo

Uhlobo oluhlekisayo lwavuselelwa ngokulandela imithetho emithathu yethiyetha yakudala: isenzo, indawo kunye nexesha. Imixholo yayinxulunyaniswa nobomi bemihla ngemihla bodidi oluphakathi, kwaye igxile ekufuneni ubunyani obusekelwe kubunyani kunye neenjongo zemfundo.

Intsomi

Olu hlobo lwalubanzi esetyenziselwa ukufundisa iimfundiso zokuziphatha ngamabali amafutshane izilwanyana ezineenkwenkwezi okanye abalinganiswa bomfuziselo.

Isincoko

Yaba sisixhobo esisisiseko sokusasaza iingcamango ezikhanyiselweyo, ethetha ngemibandela efana nemfundo, ezopolitiko nefilosofi.

Umbongo

Neoclassicism wasebenzisa iimpawu zolwakhiwo lweengoma zesihobe - ubufutshane, isingqisho kunye nokukhumbula lula - ukudibanisa ubuhle kunye luncedo ekufuneni izicatshulwa ezicacileyo nezicacileyo.

Ababhali ababalaseleyo boncwadi lweNeoclassicism

I-Literary Neoclassicism ibonise abantu ababalaseleyo kumazwe ahlukeneyo aseYurophu. Okulandelayo, siza kuvavanya abona babhali bamele:

EFransi

UVoltaire (1694-1778)

umntu osembindini we umzekeliso, UVoltaire wagqama ngemveliso yakhe ebanzi yoncwadi, ebandakanya izincoko, imidlalo yeqonga, imibongo kunye namabali afana nala. Umgqatswa okanye ithemba. Imisebenzi yakhe idityaniswe nobungqongqo be-neoclassical kunye nokugxeka okukrakra kuluntu lwexesha lakhe.

Montesquieu (1689-1755)

Wayeyigqwetha, ifilosofi, umbhali wenoveli, isazi sezentlalo, umbhali-mbali kunye nezopolitiko. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe ephawulekayo ngu Umoya womthetho, ithiyori equlunqwe kumthetho wokuthelekisa, apho umbhali waphinda waphinda imodeli yezopolitiko yesiNgesi-ethathwe kumaJamani-: ukuhlukana kwamagunya kunye nobukhosi bomgaqo-siseko.

Rousseau (1712-1778)

Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi awaziqheliselayo ngumculo, ezopolitiko, ezenzululwazi ngezityalo, nokubhala iinoveli nezincoko. Ukongeza kwamanye amagalelo axabisekileyo, yaziwa ngayo Isivumelwano sentlalontle, incwadi yentanda-bulumko engenkululeko nokulingana kwamadoda phantsi koRhulumente wedemokhrasi.

ENgilani

UAlexander Pope (1688-1744)

Wayeyimbongi ebalaseleyo kunye nombhali, umdali wemisebenzi efana I-curl ebiweyo, isibongo esibalisayo apho umbhali agqibezele ingxabano eqhelekileyo kunye nehlabathi loothixo, kunye nezithethe zexesha lakudala.

USamuel Richardson (1689-1761)

Nangona wayezinikele ekuhleleni nasekushicileleni izicatshulwa ixesha elininzi lobomi bakhe, eneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ubudala wabhala inoveli yakhe yokuqala, waba ngumbhali. omnye wababhali abadumileyo bexesha lakhe. Phakathi kweyona misebenzi yakhe ingalibalekiyo yile Pamela okanye isidima kuvuzwa y Clarisa, ibali lenenekazi eliselula.

ESpeyin

ULeandro Fernandez de Moratín (1760-1828)

Wayengoyena mdlali weqonga we-neoclassical waseSpain, ukhunjulwe ngama-comedies afana Ewe yamantombazana, egqamayo ngokugxekwa kwayo kwezentlalo kunye nentlonipho yeendlela zakudala zethiyetha.

UTomás de Iriarte (1750-1791)

Eyaziwa ngeyakhe iintsomi zoncwadi, U-Iriarte wasebenzisa olu hlobo ukufundisa kunye nokonwabisa, ukugcina isimbo esicacileyo nesilungeleleneyo.

UFélix María Samaniego (1745-1801)

Umbhali we iintsomi zokuziphatha, Amabali akhe amafutshane aba sisixhobo sokufundisa kunye nokuziphatha okuhle kuluntu lwexesha lakhe.

E-Itali

UCarlo Goldoni (1707-1793)

Ukuvuselelwa kwethiyetha yase-Italiya, eGodoni wabhala amahlaya afana Isicaka seenkosi ezimbini, ezixuba uburharha kunye nomzobo obukhali woluntu.

UVittorio Alfieri (1749-1803)

Umbhali wemidlalo kunye nembongi, uAlfieri Iyaziwa ngeentlekele zayo, eziphakamisa iinjongo zenkululeko nokuthand' izwe.

Ukuncipha kwe-Neoclassicism

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, i-Neoclassicism yaqala ukuphulukana namandla ngenxa yokuvela kwe-Romanticism, intshukumo ebeke phambili uvakaliso lweemvakalelo kunye nenkululeko yokuyila phezu kwemithetho nengqiqo. Nangona kunjalo, ilifa lonyana woKhanya liyanyamezeleka kwimpembelelo awayenayo ekuphuhliseni uncwadi lwanamhlanje kunye nokubuyiselwa kweengcamango zakudala.


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