Ikomkhulu livuke lizele yingxolo engapheliyo ebangelwa ziimviwo zokungena eyunivesithi kuphela. Amawaka abantu abaselula baye bangena kwiikhampasi zeeyunivesithi zikarhulumente zale ngingqi, ukusuka eComplutense ukuya kuCarlos III, ukuze bajongane nobunzima. usuku lokuqala lwe-PAUOlu celomngeni luphawula ukuphela kwesahluko esinye kunye nokuqala kwamaphupha abo obuchwephesha. Nangona umoya okwiipaseji wawungumxube wamanqaku omzuzu wokugqibela kunye nobuso obungalaliyo, imvakalelo eqhelekileyo emva kokudibana okokuqala yayiyeyokukhululeka xa bewela iingcango zeklasi.
Umpu wokuqala wadutyulwa, njengoko kunjalo ngokwesiko, sisihloko soLwimi lweSpanish kunye noNcwadi II, apho abafundi abavela kwiSayinsi neTekhnoloji babengabokuqala ukuphula umkhenkce. Olu vavanyo aluyonto nje eqhelekileyo, kuba izakhono zokuhlalutya nokubhala Iimviwo zijongwa ngabavavanyi kulo nyaka abafuna okungaphezulu nje kweempendulo zeencwadi ezigcinwe ngentloko. Lo mbutho uqhube kakuhle kwiindawo ezingamashumi amabini anesine ezimiselweyo, apho amakhulu ootitshala aqinisekisile ukuba iphepha ngalinye likwindawo yalo kwaye wonke umfundi usedesikeni lakhe.
Ukucamngca kobuntu kunye nobunzima belifa lomntu
Enye yezona zinto zimangalisayo zakusasa yavela kwisicatshulwa sesazi sefilosofi uJavier Gomá, esinesihloko esithi "Indlela Esingathanda Ukukhunjulwa Ngayo." Esi sicatshulwa, esasisebenzisa iingcamango zikaShakespeare zokungafi, samema abafundi ukuba bacinge nge... Indlela yokuphila eyisibonelo oko kudlula ixesha. Le ndlela ibalulekileyo nehambelanayo iye yachukumisa kakhulu abafundi bezikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo, abaye baxabisa ukufumana umxholo ovumela ingxoxo yobuqu eguquguqukayo nekulula ukuwuqonda nangona bexinezelekile.
Yayingeyonto yodwa eyayikho etafileni, njengoko ingcali yefilosofi uLola Pons wayenexesha lakhe kunye nesicatshulwa esasihlola ukubaluleka kobuntatheli obubhaliweyo kunye nendlela obusebenze ngayo njengendawo yokuzalela abantu. iingcali ezinkulu zoncwadiZombini ezi tekisi zivumele abafundi ukuba babonise ubuchule babo bokushwankathela iingcamango ezintsonkothileyo nokwakha intetho ehambelanayo, isakhono esibalulekileyo kuvavanyo apho ukuhambelana kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwengcinga kuxatyiswa ngakumbi. Abafundi abaninzi bathi, nangona isintaksi inokuhlala inzima, umxholo wamanqaku wawuyinto elula.
Ukususela kwiNqobo yenkulungwane ye-19 ukuya kwi-avant-garde yoncwadi
Kwicala loncwadi nje kuphela, abafundi kuye kwafuneka bajongane neeklasikhi ezingaphelelwa lixesha, ezifana neempawu zokwenyani kunye ne-naturalism njengoko kubonakala kumsebenzi odumileyo weLa Regenta. Kwabo bakhetha ukuwela ichibi ngemibono yabo, Inoveli yaseLatin America yenkulungwane yama-20 Ibiyeyona ndlela ithandwayo, inyanzela abaviwa ukuba bakhumbule amagama kunye neentshukumo eziye zabumba uncwadi lwanamhlanje. Kubonakala ngathi ukufundwa rhoqo kulo lonke ikhosi kube nemiphumo emihle, njengoko ubuso obuphumayo bungakhange bubonise ukuphazamiseka, kodwa bubonakalise ukuziva befezekisile okulindelweyo.
Kwelinye icala, abafundi abakwiingoma zeHumanities, Arts, kunye neSocial Sciences baye badibana nemingeni eyahlukeneyo kodwa ekhuthaza ngokulinganayo, efana nemibongo kaYolanda Castaño okanye umonde obonakaliswe kwimibhalo ka-Omar Fonollosa. Ekuphuhlisweni kwemixholo, Isizukulwana seentsomi se-14 Intshukumo yeNovecentismo nayo idlale indima ebalulekileyo, ifuna ulwazi olunzulu lwababhali abafana noJuan Ramón Jiménez. Kwicandelo lolwimi, amagama anjengelithi 'universal' kunye nokukhangela amagama achaseneyo kumagama emihla ngemihla kuye kwavavanya isigama sabo bafuna amanqaku aphezulu kulo mmandla.
Indlela entsha esekelwe ekuvuthweni kwezemfundo
Kulo nyaka, kugxininiswe ngokukodwa ekwenzeni uvavanyo lube ngaphezu kokuba ngumsebenzi wokufaka idatha, kujongwa ukuphucula indlela esekelwe kubuchule esele iyinxalenye enkulu yale nqanaba. Amagunya ezemfundo agxininise ukuba injongo kukwenza uvavanyo lube ukuxabisa ukukhula kwengqondo Kubantu abaselula, ingqwalasela ikwikhono labo lokudibanisa iingcamango kunye nobuchule babo bokuveza izimvo ezisekelwe kwisiseko. Oku kuthetha ukuba imibuzo embalwa enokukhetha kuyo iimpendulo ezininzi iyancipha kwaye abafundi banamathuba amaninzi okubonisa ulwazi lwabo, ngelixa begcina upelo oluqinileyo kunye negrama, nto leyo enokuba nzima ngakumbi kwabo bangakhathaliyo ngeempawu zokugxininisa.
Ukuthintela naluphi na uhlobo lobuqili kwisiganeko esibaluleke kangaka, kuye kwenziwa ulawulo olungqongqo nxamnye nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji, kuquka neenkqubo zokubona amaza erediyo eklasini. Nangona la manyathelo okhuseleko, anokuthi ngamanye amaxesha oyikise, ubungqina babafundi buyavuma ukuba amalungiselelo angaphambili kumaziko Ibiyeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokujongana noviwo ngoxolo. Inkxaso phakathi kwabafundi eklasini ngexesha lekhefu ibingumxholo oqhelekileyo, obonisa ukuba, nangona amanqaku ebanga ngalinye, baye bahamba kunye endleleni.
Izinto ezicwangcisiweyo kulo msitho mkhulu aziyonto incinci, ziquka amakhulu abantu abafunda iimpazamo kunye nabasebenzi bolawulo abaqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zilungile kwiiveki ezimbalwa nje. Amanqaku kulindeleke ukuba apapashwe phakathi kuJuni, apho inkqubo yezibheno iya kuvulwa kwabo baziva ukuba imizamo yabo ifanelwe kukuqatshelwa okukhulu. Okwangoku, i IYunivesithi kawonke-wonke yaseMadrid Ilungiselela ukwamkela iqela elitsha labafundi, emva kokoyisa umqobo wolwimi noncwadi, sele bejonge izifundo ezithile eziza kugqiba ukufikelela kwabo kumsebenzi wobomi babo.
Iimviwo ziyaqhubeka neFilosofi neMbali zisemnyango, kodwa ukoyisa lo mqobo wokuqala wolwimi kufake ukuzithemba okungakumbi kwiindlela zeyunivesithi. Njengoko uhlalutyo lwebali lanamhlanje kunye nemo yazo ngoku ziphantsi kweenyawo zabo, amawakawaka abaphumelele kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo bajongene neveki yonke kunye ndinethemba lokufumana elo banga oko kuya kubavulela iingcango zekamva. Inqanaba lobunzima, nangona lihlengahlengiswe kwimigangatho emitsha yeCRUE, libonakalise ukuba liyimbonakaliso yokwenene yomsebenzi owenziwe kwiiklasi ngonyaka ogqitywa ngemizuzu engamashumi alithoba kuphela kwisifundo ngasinye.
Ukuqala kweemviwo zokungena eyunivesithi kummandla waseMadrid kushiye umbono omhle, ophawulwe zizibhalo ezikhuthaza ukuzihlolisisa kunye nomzekelo ovuza ubukrelekrele ngaphezu kokukhumbula nje. Imixholo yenoveli yasemva kwemfazwe kunye ukuguquka kweentshukumo ze-avant-garde Bagqibile uviwo loLwimi noNcwadi, olungazange lube yingxaki abaninzi abayoyikayo, kodwa lube lithuba labafundi lokubonisa izakhono zabo zokuziveza. Ngoku okuseleyo kukugcina ingqondo yabo igxile kwiintsuku eziseleyo ukuze bagqibezele ngempumelelo esi sahluko sinzima semfundo.
Usuku lokuvulwa kweemviwo zokungena eyunivesithi eMadrid luqinisekisile ukuba ulungelelwaniso phakathi komxholo wendabuko kunye nezakhono ezintsha lubalulekile kwimpumelelo yabafundi beyunivesithi bexesha elizayo. ukuthatha inxaxheba kwamawaka abafundi Kwaye njengoko uviwo luqhubeka ngaphandle kweziganeko eziphawulekayo, lusebenze njengophawu oluhle kulo lonke iveki. Umzamo owenziwe ekuhlalutyeni imibhalo kaGomá noPons ubonakalisa isizukulwana esilungele ukuqiqa, ukubhala ngokuchanekileyo, nokujongana nemingeni yengqondo ebalindeleyo kwiminyaka yabo elandelayo yezifundo.