Ngexesha elithile, wonke umthandi wencwadi uyazibuza ukuba yintoni na iinoveli ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzifunde ngaphambi kokuba ubhubheImpendulo ayilula, kodwa kukho imvisiswano ethile phakathi kwababhali abasele bekhulile nabahlalutyi boncwadi malunga nezihloko ezithile ezithi, isizukulwana emva kwesinye, zigcine ukubaluleka kwazo nokukwazi kwazo ukuhamba, ukucaphukisa nokuguqula abafundi. Ngeemfundiso zabo, ezi ncwadi ziba izixhobo zokuqonda ngcono ihlabathi kunye nathi, ukongezelela ekubeni ziimbekiselo ezithe rhoqo zokudala uncwadi.
Ukusuka kwiiklasikhi zendalo iphela ukuya kwezona zindululo zibukhali zangoku, uninzi lwale misebenzi iye yaba nefuthe kakhulu kwimisebenzi yababhali abanjengo. Javier Cercas, Elvira Lindo okanye Haruki MurakamiUkhetho lwabo, kunye neengcebiso zabagxeki abakhethekileyo, zenza isikhokelo sokufunda esidlula iintsingiselo kunye namaxesha. Ukufunda inoveli ethi "kufuneka ifundwe ngaphambi kokuba ufe" akusiyo imbopheleleko, kodwa isimemo sokuhlolisisa imibuzo enzulu yoncwadi: isazisi, inkumbulo, ixesha, intsapho, imfihlelo yobukho, kunye nexabiso lenyaniso.
Iinoveli eziguqula ubomi (ngokutsho kwababhali nabagxeki)
Umfundi ngamnye unoluhlu lwakhe lobuqu, kodwa kukho inani lezihloko eziphindaphindayo kwiingcebiso zamagama amakhulu kuncwadi kunye nobuntatheli boncwadi. Ezi ncwadi azigqamanga nje kuphela ngomgangatho wazo wokubalisa, kodwa nakwimpembelelo ezizishiyayo kunye neencoko zenkcubeko eziye zavusa imiba emikhulu yabantu.
Phakathi kwezona zicetyiswayo sifumana iinoveli ezifana 'Pedro Páramo' nguJuan Rulfo, ngumsebenzi oqhubekayo ukuchukumisa amandla awo okudibanisa ihlabathi labaphilayo nabafileyo kwindawo ezaliswe yimfihlelo kunye nemibongo. Esi sihloko sikhankanyiwe kuluhlu lweencwadi ezibalulekileyo ngabagxeki kunye nabanye ababhali ngokufanayo, kwaye siphakathi kwekhulu leencwadi ezithathwa njengezona zibalulekileyo kwilifa lemveli lehlabathi.
Ukusuka kwindalo yaseJapan ye UHaruki Murakami, olunye ukhetho olubalulekileyo lwenziwe ngezihloko ezinjenge 'Indlela yokuvalelisa ende' nguRaymond Chandler, 'Inqaba' nguFranz Kafka, "Abazalwana Karamazov" nguFyodor Dostoevsky y 'I-Gatsby Enkulu' nguF. Scott FitzgeraldZonke zishiye inqaku elinzulu kwisimbo sombhali nakwimixholo ethi phithi thwanga, eziphembelela iimbono zakhe ngobulolo, nostalgia, kunye nokukhangela intsingiselo.
Amanani omboniso waseSpain njenge Elvira Lindo kunye noJavier Cercas Baye babelana ngeencwadi abazithandayo. ULindo, kwinkqubo yokubhala eyona noveli yakhe yobuqu, wafumana isikhokelo kunye nenkuthazo kwimisebenzi efana nale 'ILexicon yoSapho' nguNatalia Ginzburg, 'Ubomi Bam Obuthandekayo' nguAlice Munro y 'Pedro Páramo'. UCercas, kwicala lakhe, ugxininisa ukubaluleka kwe 'Intombazana enePanti yeGolide' nguJuan Marsé, 'That Damned Self' nguEmil Cioran, 'Ngoku nangeyure' nguHéctor Abad Faciolince y 'Unyana womqhubi' nguJordi Amat njengemizekelo yeenoveli ezibalulekileyo, ezingakhululekanga nezityhilayo.
Uluhlu oluBalulekileyo: Ukusuka kwi-Universal Canon ukuya kwi-Contemporary Voices
Umbuzo wokuba zeziphi iinoveli omawuzifunde ngaphambi kokuba ubhubhe awubandakanyi kuphela izinto ezithandwa ngababhali nabagxeki, kodwa kunye nophando olukhulu lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokhetho. Kwabaninzi babo, izihloko ezifana 'Ubusuku baseArabia', 'Intliziyo Yobumnyama' nguJoseph Conrad, 'Umatshini wexesha' nguH.G. Wells o 'Umdlalo wamaso eglasi' nguHermann Hesse Zibonakala njengofundo lwehlabathi lonke kunye nokutolika okungapheliyo.
Eminye yemisebenzi ecetyiswayo iyahlukana nombono wemveli wenoveli, njengoko kunjalo 'Ubomi obucingelwayo' nguMarcel Schwob okanye nokuba ingqokelela aphoristic ezifana 'Loo nto yandiphoxayo' nguCioran, ezibonisa ukuba ukuphononongwa kwesazisi, ixesha kunye nentsomi kunokuthatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Into ebalulekileyo yiyo impembelelo kunye nokukwazi ukubuza okanye ukukhanyisa imiba esisiseko yamava omntu.
Kwinkalo yokubalisa yakutshanje, izihloko ezifana 'Ngoku nangeyure', igxininise kwimemori kunye nentlungu emva kokuphazamiseka kwemfazwe, okanye 'Unyana womqhubi', ebonisa amandla kunye nokuchasana kwexesha ngokusebenzisa i-biography yomntu ophikisanayo.
Le misebenzi imele iintlobo ngeentlobo zezimbo, imixholo, kunye neendlela ezityebisa ubume boncwadi kwaye zivumele abafundi ukuba bafumane iimbono ezintsha kunye nokubonakaliswa okuhlala ixesha elide.
