
Iinoveli zembali ezibekwe ngexesha leMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain
Imfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain yayilungquzulwano olwaqhubeka phakathi ko-1936 no-1939. Olu ngquzulwano ngezigalo lwalwahlukanisa kakhulu uluntu lwelizwe, lwaza lwaba nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwingqondo nakwindlela yokuziphatha kwabantu balo. Ungquzulwano lwenzeka ikakhulu phakathi kweebhloko ezimbini zezopolitiko: urhulumente waseRiphabhlikhi kunye nomkhosi wabavukeli okhokelwa nguFrancisco Franco.
Njengoko nawuphi na ummi waseSpeyin esazi, le mfazwe yoyiswa nguFranco, owaba nguzwilakhe welizwe laseIberia de kwasekufeni kwakhe ngowe-1975. Abachola-choli beendaba kunye nababhali bathabathe umsebenzi wokwenza eyona misebenzi yoncwadi ichukumisayo kwimbali.. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezihloko ezifana Amajoni aseSalamis o IJarama.
Iinoveli ezilungileyo kakhulu ezisetiwe kwiMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain
Ilizwi elileleyo, nguDulce Chacon (2002)
Yimbali eyintsomi eyenzeka phakathi kweminyaka ka-1939 kunye no-1963, kwaye ilandela ibali leqela labasetyhini ababevalelwe ngexesha lokubanjwa. Udabi lasekuhlaleni. Phakathi, ixela ukomelela kunye nenkxaso enokuthi ivele kwimeko ekhohlakeleyo. Umsebenzi wakhiwe ngamacandelo amathathu. Kweyokuqala, umbhali ubonisa abalinganiswa, kunye nezicwangciso ezahlukeneyo apho iploti lenzeka khona kunye nemeko yomlinganiswa ngamnye.
Kwinxalenye yesibini, isigwebo somfazi ogama linguHortensia siphunyezwa, ngubani oya kuhlala de kube ngukuzalwa kwentombi yakhe. Ngexesha leenxalenye ezimbini zokuqala, kudlula iinyanga ezimbalwa, ngelixa kweyesithathu, iminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo idlula. Njengoko izahluko ziqhubela phambili, kunokwenzeka ukubona umphumo womlinganiswa ngamnye, njengokumka kukaJaime noPepita eCórdoba.
Izicatshulwa ze Ilizwi elileleyo
- “Kwaye uya kuqhubeka emamela amaqabane akhe ethe cwaka, evakalelwa kukuba isigcawu esimnyama, esinoboya siluka intambo yaso encangathi phezu kwakhe, kwaye esoyikela ukuba umtshana wakhe usekhaya ukrwela ukuluma.
- «Ukuphelelwa lithemba kuyindlela yokukhanyela inyaniso, xa ukwamkela kuthetha ukwamkela intlungu enganyamezelekiyo. Kwaye umzimba wala, uyavukela. Imvakalelo iyabhonga. (…) Ukuphelelwa lithemba abavukeli ngokuchasene nokuba nokwenzeka kwentuthuzelo.
Oojongilanga abangaboniyo, nguAlberto Mendez (2004)
Le ncwadi ijongana nexesha lasemva kwemfazwe ngamabali amane anentambo efanayo: Ukoyiswa kokuqala: ngowe-1939 o Ukuba intliziyo ibicinga ukuba ingayeka ukubetha, Ukoyiswa kwesibini: ngowe-1940 o Umbhalo-ngqangi ofunyenwe elubala, Ukoyiswa kwesithathu: ngowe-1941 o Ulwimi lwabafileyo y Ukoyiswa kwesine: ngowe-1942 o Oojongilanga abangaboniyo. Ibali ngalinye line-protagonist ebanjwe yintlekele. Ezi ziquka:
Umthetheli womkhosi wamaFrancoist owathi, ngesenzo sesazela, wagqiba kwelokuba anikezele kwangaloo mini yoloyiso. Imbongi eselula yeriphabliki ebulawa yindlala entolongweni. Ibanjwa elifumana intlantsi yethemba ngaphambi kokubulawa kwayo, kwaye ekugqibeleni, inkwenkwe nonina, abafihla imfihlo embi emva kwemfazwe yaseSpain. Eli bali lokugqibela, elinika le ncwadi igama layo, Ibonisa umzabalazo onzima wosapho ukufihla utata waseRiphabhlikhi otshutshiswayo.
Izicatshulwa ze Oojongilanga abangaboniyo
- “Ndisaphila, kodwa xa nifumana le leta ndiza kube ndidutyuliwe. Ndizamile ukuphambana, kodwa andaphumelela. Andivumi ukuqhubeka ndiphila nalo lonke olu nxunguphalo. Ndifumanise ukuba olu lwimi bendiphupha ngalo ndiyile ihlabathi elinobubele, enyanisweni, lulwimi lwabafileyo. Hlala undikhumbula kwaye uzame ukonwaba. "Ndiyakuthanda, umntakwenu uJuan."
- “Ndazi kuphela ukubhala nokubalisa amabali. Akukho bani wandifundisayo ukuthetha xa ndindedwa okanye indlela yokukhusela ubomi ekufeni. Ndibhala kuba ndingafuni ukukhumbula ukuthandaza okanye ukuqalekisa.
IJarama, nguRafael Sánchez Ferlosio (1956)
Ngokwemigaqo ebanzi kakhulu, le noveli ijikeleza abantu abancinci abalishumi elinanye abavela eMadrid abaza kuchitha iCawa eshushu yasehlotyeni emaphandleni, phambi komlambo onika le ncwadi igama layo. Abalinganiswa behla baye kuhlamba emanzini ayo kwaye ngaloo ndlela banciphise isithukuthezi esiveliswa ngumzi kubo., kwakunye nongquzulwano olugqugqisayo ezitratweni noloyiko olukhulayo lwabantu.
Ngelo xesha, amazwe amabini aphikisanayo angabonwa, apho udidi lwasemaphandleni kunye nabasebenzi bajongana. Kukho iimeko ezimbini eziphambili: iPuente Viveros kunye neVenta de Mauricio. Kulo mxholo, iziganeko zenzeka malunga neeyure ezilishumi elinesithandathu, ziphela ngentlekele.
Izicatshulwa ze IJarama
- “Ikratshi yinto ekufuneka uyazi ukuba unokuba nayo njani. Ukuba unokuncinci, kubi; Ziyakongamela zikwenze ibhokhwe yomhla nezolo. Ukuba endaweni yoko unokuninzi, kubi kakhulu; ke nguwe ozibethayo. Okufuneka ube nako kobu bomi kukuzola, ukuze ungabi yinto ehlekisayo nakubani na okanye uqhekeze intloko yakho ngenxa yekratshi lakho.
- “Sifundiswa ukuba izinto ezithile zimbi yaye kungenxa yoko le nto sizicekisa yaye sizicekisa; Kodwa sinokufundiswa nangendlela eyahlukileyo.
Amajoni aseSalamis, nguJavier Cercas (2001)
Yinoveli exuba imbali, ubuntatheli kunye nentsomi ukuze kuphononongwe inkumbulo yeMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain. Eli qhinga lilandela intatheli, uJavier Cercas, ofumanisa isiqendu esilityelweyo songquzulwano: ibali likaRafael Sánchez Mazas, umbhali kunye nomsunguli weFalange, owasinda ekubulaweni ngenxa yemfesane engaqondakaliyo yejoni laseRiphabhlikhi.
Enomdla yile nyaniso, Umbalisi uqala uphando olumkhokelela ekubeni akhe kwakhona ixesha elidlulileyo likaSánchez Mazas., udliwano-ndlebe namangqina kunye nokucinga ngobugorha, ubugwala kunye nokuphila. Kule nkqubo, udibana noMiralles, ijoni elidala laseRiphabhlikhi eligxothiweyo, owayenokuba ngumntu ongaziwayo owasindisa ubomi bukaFalangist.
Izicatshulwa ze Amajoni aseSalamis
- "Ubuzwe yingcamango," wachaza, ilizwi lakhe liqina kancinci, ngokungathi akafuni ukucacisa into ecacileyo. Intlekele, ngokokubona kwam. Ukuzimela yinto enye kuphela enokwenzeka. Njengoko kuyinkolelo, kwaye iinkolelo zingaxoxwa, ubuzwe abunakuxoxwa; "Kwintshukumo yokuzimela, ewe."
- —Sukucela uxolo, mfanandini. akenzanga nto imbi. Ngapha koko, kwiminyaka yakhe bekufanele ukuba wafunda ukuba amadoda akaluceli xolo: ayenza into ayenzayo aze athethe into ayithethayo, emva koko anyamezele.
Usapho lukaPascual Duarte, nguCamilo José Cela (1942)
Ibandakanywe kuluhlu lweenoveli ezibalaseleyo ze-100 zeSpanish zenkulungwane yama-XNUMX liphephandaba. El MundoLo msebenzi we-epistolary wawunoxanduva lokusungula uhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi "tremendismo", olubandakanya iitropes ezininzi, njengenoveli yentlalontle yee-1930s, i-naturalism yenkulungwane ye-19 kunye ne-picaresque, yonke into yesithethe saseSpain.
UPascual Duarte uhamba kwihlabathi eliqinisekileyo eligcwele amashwa: Ukuthotyelwa kwezentlalo, ubuhlwempu, intlungu kunye nokubola. I-protagonist iyaqhubeka ichaza ubomi bakhe ukusuka jikelele ukuya kwinto ethile, ngelixa ichaza ngokubanzi indawo ejikelezileyo kunye neemeko ezimkhokelela kwixesha langoku. Ngokufanayo, i-ideology ye-Kantian ye-sublimity eyoyikisayo ibhekiswe.
Izicatshulwa ze Intsapho yakwaPascual Duarte
- “Ubulala ungacinganga, ndiyingqine kakuhle; ngamanye amaxesha, ngempazamo. Uyithiyile, uthiye ngokuqatha, ngokukrakra, kwaye uvule imela yakho, kwaye uyivule yabanzi ufike, unganxibanga zihlangu, ebhedini apho utshaba lulala khona.
- "Sonke abantu abafayo sinolusu olufanayo ekuzalweni kodwa, njengoko sikhula, i-destiny iyavuya ekusitshintsheni ngokungathi senziwe nge-wax kunye nokusimisela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuya ekupheleni okufanayo: ukufa."
I-peninsula yezindlu ezingenanto, nguDavid Uclés (2024)
Le yinoveli ethetha ngeMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain ngebali elidibanisa ubunyani bomlingo kunye namasiko asekhaya. Umsebenzi ugxile kusapho luka-Ardolento, abahlali baseJándula, idolophu yasentsomini emele iQuesada eJaén. Kulo lonke icebo, ukuchithwa kwengundoqo, ukuchithwa koluntu lwalo kunye nokuchithwa kwe-peninsula egcwele izindlu ezingenanto zihlolwe.
Ngokufanayo, Le ncwadi iphonononga nzulu kubalinganiswa abaliqela abakhethekileyo: «Ijoni elizilimazayo ukuze likhulule uthuthu oluqokelelwe ngaphakathi kuye, imbongi ethunga isithunzi sentombazana emva kokuqhunyiswa kwebhombu, umfundisi ofundisa abafundi bakhe ukuba benze ngathi bafile, injengele elala ecaleni kwesandla esinqunyiweyo. ongcwele, kunye nenkwenkwe eyimfama ephinda ibone ngexesha lobumnyama."
Badityaniswa ngu: "Umfazi olihlwempu opeyinta yonke imithi kwigadi yakhe emnyama, umfoti wasemzini onyathela kumgodi kufutshane neBrunete. kwaye uhlala engashukumi iminyaka engamashumi amane, umhlali waseGuernica oqhubela eParis ngeveni enentsalela etshayayo yohlaselo lwasemoyeni, kunye nenja eyenzakeleyo egazi layo lingcolisa umgca wokugqibela weflegi eshiywe eBadajoz.
Izicatshulwa ze I-peninsula yezindlu ezingenanto
- Ngaloo ndlela, ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha, kwaxoxwa ngokufa emfazweni. Yayiyimeko eyayinokufikela umntu ngokulula ngakumbi kunendlala nokukhawuleza kunokulala.
- “Indoda yonqulo iwucandacalula umnqamlezo. Umntu ongakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo uzithambisa ngamanzi angcwele. Umphathi uphakamisa inqindi. Umsebenzi wolula isandla sakhe. "Wonke umntu uthunga amalungu omntwana wakhe."