Isimboli kwiincwadi zanamhlanje: indaleko kunye neempawu
Xa sithetha ngesimboli kwiincwadi, sibhekisela kuzo zombini intshukumo yobugcisa kunye nesixhobo soncwadi esivumela ukuba siguqule izinto, iimvakalelo, iingcamango, okanye iikhonsepthi zibe sisixhobo esingena nzulu kunentsingiselo yazo yokoqobo. Njengeentshukumo ezininzi, kwavela njengempendulo yemvukelo kwingqiqo, ubukho bokwenene, kunye nendalo eyayilawula ngenkulungwane ye-19.
Uphawu, eyaqala ukukhula njengentlangano yezopolitiko eFransi, Yayihoywa ngababhali abafana noCharles BaudelaireUStéphane Mallarmé kunye noPaul Verlaine, abaguquli umsebenzi wabo uye wanwenwela kwihlabathi lokupeyinta njengendlela yokubonakalisa ubuhle, ngokomoya, kunye nokubonakala. Ukuba ungathanda ukufumanisa ngendaleko yabo kwixesha langoku, sijoyine kolu hlalutyo lufutshane.
Isimboli kwiincwadi zanamhlanje: indaleko kunye neempawu
Kodwa okokuqala, umxholo omncinci
Imvelaphi yesimboli
Le ntshukumo sibhekisa kuyo namhlanje yazalwa kwimeko yonxunguphalo, apho bekuhlala ukuphoxeka ngenkqubela phambili yenzululwazi kunye nezinto eziphathekayo. Ngoko, Endaweni yokubonisa ubunyani njengoko bekunjalo, iiSymbolists zaqala ukuvusa into engabonakaliyo, ezingaqondakaliyo, yaye ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, ziyimfihlelo. Ngale ndlela, babeyikhaba ngaw’ omane indlela engqalileyo yezibakala bekhetha icebiso eliethe-ethe nelingangqalanga.
Kungekudala emva kokuba kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, isimboli saba sisixhobo esiphambili sokudlulisa iingcamango, iimvakalelo kunye neemeko zengqondo ekunzima ukuzichaza ngengqiqo. Kwelinye icala, ekuqaleni, umfuziselo wawunxulunyaniswa ikakhulu nemibongoUmzekelo: ababhali abanjengoBaudelaire, kunye nemisebenzi efana Iintyatyambo zobubi, babesebenzisa imifanekiso engacacanga neentsingiselo ezimbini ukuze babonise ukungavisisani kwangaphakathi kunye neengcamango zentanda-bulumko okanye zemetaphysical.
Ukuvela kwesimboli kwiincwadi zanamhlanje
Njengoko ukusetyenziswa kweempawu kwasasazeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu nakwihlabathi liphela, iphembelele iindlela ezininzi zoncwadi ezikhoyo, ilungisa indlela ezivezwa ngayoOku kwenzeka ngeentshukumo ezinje ngemodernism, surrealism, existentialism, kunye nobunyani bomlingo. Kwimeko yokubalisa, isimboli saba sisixhobo sokwakha iintsingiselo ezininzi, ukudala i-atmospheres, kunye nokutyhila iingxabano zabalinganiswa ngaphandle kokubhenela ekuchazeni ngokuthe ngqo.
Kukwayimfuneko ukuqaphela indima esisiseko yeSpanishi yaseMelika yanamhlanje kunye nababhali abanjengoRubén Darío, owamkela imigaqo eyisimboli kulwakhiwo lwesihobe sakhe nakumbono wakhe wobuhle behlabathi. Kwintsapho yakhe, eYurophu, Ababhali abafana noJames Joyce kunye noFranz Kafka basebenzisa isimboli ukujongana nemixholo yokwahlukanisa., isazisi, ityala kunye nesiphelo.
Ezinye iimeko ezimangalisayo zenzeke kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga, apho isebenza njenge Ukulinda uGodot Imisebenzi kaSamuel Beckett iphonononga ubukho bomntu ngeesimboli ezicebisa ngaphezulu kunokuba zitsho ngokucacileyo.Ngale ngqiqo, umfuziselo awuzange uphele; yatshintsha nje yaziindlela ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi. Nangona intshukumo enje yalahlekana nentsebenziswano kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20, ukongamela kwayo kwaba nempumelelo ekuphuhlisweni koncwadi lwangoku nolwexesha langoku.
Ufunyaniswa njani iSimboli kuncwadi lwangoku
Nangona impembelelo yayo kushishino lopapasho inokuba yehlile ngandlel’ ithile ukutyhubela iminyaka, isimboli sanamhlanje sigcina ezinye zeempawu zomlingane walo wakudala, zilungelelanisa neenguqu zentlalo, zenkcubeko, nezefilosofi zenkulungwane yama-20. Phakathi kweempawu eziphambili ekufuneka sizijonge ukuze sazi ukuba umsebenzi usebenzisa isimboli zezi zilandelayo:.
Imveliso kunye nengcebiso
Ababhali beesimboli basakhetha ukuvuselela imvakalelo, ingcamango, okanye amava kunokuba bayichaze ngokuthe ngqo. Kuninzi lwale mibhalo, umfundi akanikwa mpendulo zicacileyo. Endaweni yoko, Uboniswa imikhondo yokwakha eyakho ingcacisoUmbhali okrelekrele ekwenzeni oku kukhankanywe ngasentla nguVirginia Woolf, owadibanisa iimvakalelo ngezinto zemihla ngemihla.
Ulwimi olusisikweko kunye nolwepolysemic
Isimboli, ngokwenkcazo, ivula ithuba lokufunda izihlandlo ezininziKwimibhalo ye-Symbolist, intyatyambo inokumela ubuhle, kodwa kunye nokudlula, umnqweno, okanye ukufa. Oku kusetyenziswa kolwimi kuyawutyebisa umsebenzi, oye waba yinkalo eqhubekayo yemibongo yanamhlanje, evela kuT.S. Eliot ukuya kuAlejandra Pizarnik.
Ukuphononongwa kokungazi
Ndiyabulela kwimisinga efana ne-psychoanalysis okanye ifilosofi ekhoyo, Isimboli sanamhlanje sijolise kufundo lwe-subconscious, amaphupha, umnqweno okanye unxunguphalo, kwaye, nangona eli sebe lengqondo liphelelwe lixesha kwaye alizange likhokele kwizinto ezininzi kwixesha elidlulileyo, ababhali bayaqhubeka besebenzisa ukwakha iintsomi zabo, okanye ukubeka phambili ingcamango enokuthi ingabikho.
Ukuthathela ingqalelo oko besikuchazile ngaphambili, iisimboli zaba ngumboniso wehlabathi langaphakathi, Njengoko kunokubonwa kwimisebenzi yababhali abanjengoHermann Hesse kunye noJorge Luis Borges, apho i-labyrinths, izibuko kunye neencwadi zineentsingiselo ezininzi ezibhekiselele kwingqondo kunye nolwazi, zombini kunye nezinto ezijikeleze abalinganiswa.
Imilinganiselo yokomoya kunye nemetaphysical
Nangona uncwadi lwanamhlanje luye lwaba lusehlabathini ngeendlela ezininzi, isimboli sigcina umgangatho womoya. Ewe, oku akuthethi ukucinga okanye intsingiselo yomlingo, kodwa izinto ezifana nokukhangela okungaphaya. Apha, Isimboli sinokukhomba kwiinyani ezifihlakeleyo, kwiinyaniso ezingenangqiqo.
Ukungacaci kunye nokungaqiniseki
Ngokuchaseneyo noncwadi lwe-didactic okanye oluyinyani, Isimboli sanamhlanje sibandakanya ukungacaciIsimboli inako kwaye ithetha izinto ezichaseneyo ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo, kwaye intsingiselo yawo iyatshintsha ngokufundwa ngakunye. Yiloo nto kanye eboniswa ngababhali kwimibono yabo: inyaniso ayikho ngokupheleleyo.
Imizekelo yesimboli kubabhali banamhlanje
Ababhali abaninzi benze isimboli sisixhobo esibalulekileyo yobugcisa bakhe boncwadi, kwaye eminye imizekelo enemifanekiso ibandakanya la manani alandelayo.
Franz Kafka
En Ukuguqulwa kwemizimba, umlingisi oyintloko uGregor Samsa ujika abe inambuzane, umqondiso wokungafunwa kwakhe nokwaliwa ekuhlaleni. Ibali, nangona liyinyani ngokwesitayile, liyimifuziselo kwaye livuleleke ekutolikweni, kwaye linokujongana nayo yonke into ukusuka kwityala ukuya kwidini, usapho, okanye ukuthoba isidima.
UGabriel García Márquez
Kuwona msebenzi wakhe udumileyo, Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa, IMacondo ingaphezulu kwedolophu: luphawu lweLatin America, yembali yomjikelo, ubulolo bomntu, nokungalibaleki. Izinto ezinjengomkhenkce, isibetho sokuphuthelwa, nemisongo ibhenca yonke into engenakuchazwa ngokungqalileyo.
Indawo yeSylvia
Kwimibongo yakhe, njengakwinoveli Intsimbi yentsimbi, umfuziselo ukhona kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo: izipili, iintsimbi okanye imithi, esebenza njengembonakaliso yongquzulwano lwangaphakathi lwabalinganiswa, ngakumbi malunga nobuntu, impambano kunye nokuzibulala.
UHaruki Murakami
Kwiinoveli zakhe zangokus, umfuziselo ubonakala ngendlela yeekati, amaqula, izikhululo zikaloliwe okanye amazwe afanayo ezisebenza njengeminyango kwizinto ezingaziwayo, kwiimvakalelo ezingekho zingqondweni okanye ezicinezelekileyo.