Ngasemva kweSkrini: Ezona Ncwadi zibalaseleyo kwiCinema

I-Cinema bubuchule kunye nobugcisa bokudala kunye nokubonisa imifanekiso eshukumayo. Ngokweetymologically, eli gama, elisisishunqulelo se "cinematography", yayineologism eyadalwa ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 kwaye yenziwe ngamagama amabini esiGrike: Umzimba wonyango, elithetha "intshukumo", kunye i grafu, ebijoliswe ekubhekiseleleni kwimifanekiso ehamba okanye eshukumayo ngaphakathi kwesikrini.

Kulo Imanifesto yoBugcisa obuSixhenxe, ebhalwe nguRicciotto Canudo kwi-1911, umbhali ukhankanya i-cinema njengobugcisa besixhenxe., ukuyilinganisa nezifundo ezifana nokupeyinta, umculo, imibongo/uncwadi, umdaniso, imizobo eqingqiweyo kunye noyilo lwezakhiwo, kunye ne-cinematography engumxube wazo zonke ezi zinto zingasentla. Ukuba ungathanda ukufunda ngakumbi, siyakumema ukuba ufunde uluhlu lwethu lwezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo kwifilim.

Iincwadi ezilungileyo malunga ne-cinema

Yintoni icinema? (2023), ngu-André Bazin

Olu luhlobo lwencwadi wonke umntu onqwenela ukwenza ifilimu okanye umfundi wefilimu kufuneka ahlale ephethe, kodwa ngebhonasi eyongezelelweyo: ibhalwe ngumntu othanda ubugcisa besixhenxe kunye nayo yonke into emele yona. Yapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1975 yaza yaguqulelwa kwisiSpanish nguJosé Luis López Muñoz, Lo ngumqulu odibanisa amanqaku aphambili apapashwe nguAndré Bazin kushicilelo olukhethekileyo.

Malunga nomthamo kunye nombhali, uFrançois Truffaut uye wathi: “Ngaphezu komgxeki, uBazin umbhali wefilimu, owayekhathazeke kakhulu ngokubhala iifilimu kunokuba azigwebe. Phakathi kweentlelo ezininzi eye yanazo le ncwadi, I-Bazin ibisoloko kuthethwa ngayo njengomgxeki obalulekileyo phakathi kwabadlali befilimu., ube ngumzekelo wee-greats ezifana no-Orson Welles kunye noFederico Fellini.

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Ucaphula u-André Bazin

Inkxalabo kaRossellini ngobuso bomntwana e-Allegro Anno Zero ichasene ngokupheleleyo ne-Kuleshov kunye nokuvalwa kweMozhukhin. URosellini uxhalabile ngokugcina imfihlakalo yakhe.
«Indima ye-cinema apha ayikokukhonza okanye ukungcatsha umzobo. Kunoko, kukulinika uhlobo olutsha lobomi. Ifilimu yomzobo yi-aesthetic symbiosis phakathi kwesikrini kunye nomzobo, njengoko i-lichen iphakathi kwe-algae kunye nomngundo. Ukucatshukiswa koku kukuhlekisa njengokugxeka iopera egameni lemidlalo yeqonga nomculo.

Icinema ngokutsho kweHitchcock (2010), nguFrançois Truffaut

Ngamaphepha ale ncwadi, imbali yeefilimu ezidumileyo, kunye nombhali wabo odumileyo, iyatyhilwa. Enkosi ngombono wakhe ongaqhelekanga, UHitchcock waba ngomnye wabenzi befilimu abadlula imida yexesha., kunye noTruffaut, onethamsanqa njengabambalwa, babe nethuba lokulungiselela incoko eyathatha iiyure ezingamashumi amahlanu kwaye yayisekelwe kwi-questionnaire yemibuzo engamashumi amahlanu.

Umbhalo uphonononga iimeko ezijikeleze i-genesis yefilimu ye-Hitchcock nganye, ukubhalwa kwezikripthi, ubunzima be-staging, kunye neziphumo zeefilimu. Ezi zezinye zezinto ezichaza ingxoxo enomdla phakathi kwabenzi befilimu ababini. Ukuba ungumntu othanda umboniso bhanya-bhanya kwaye uyathandabuza, le ncwadi kufuneka ibe kwishelufu yakho yeencwadi.

Ucatshulwa nguFrançois Truffaut

"Kukho iifilimu ezigqwesileyo ezineempazamo zobugcisa. Kwaye ngokobuchwephesha iifilimu ezenziwe kakuhle kakhulu, kodwa ngokungabi nanto yangaphakathi kunye nesomiso esibuhlungu. Kum, ukuphefumlelwa, umnqweno wokuthetha into ethile, ukwenza into, kubaluleke kakhulu. Okunye kubaluleke kakhulu.
"Andizenzi iifilimu zam kunye nabaphulaphuli abanengqondo; Ndicinga ukuba iifilimu zabo bonke abantu. "Ziifilimu ezijolise ekuthandeni, zizama ukutsala umdla kumbukeli kwizinto eziphathelele ummandla weemvakalelo, iimvakalelo kunye nothando."
"Ndiye ndafumanisa kamva ukuba iifilimu zam zithetha ntoni ngokwenene. Ndiyifumana intsingiselo yayo emva kokuba ndiyigqibile, kuba ndinendalo ezenzekelayo, engokwemvelo, engenangqondo.

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Isikolo seFilimu: Babecinga ukuba baza kwenza imbali, kodwa babesenza iimuvi nje. (2020), nguJaime Bartolomé kunye no-Álvaro Espinosa

Le yinoveli edityanisiweyo etyhila ilizwe le-cinema ngabafundi abasithoba kwi-American Film School, isikolo sefilimu esiyintsomi esiseLos Angeles. Emsebenzini, Imbonakalo enomdla kakhulu emva kwemiboniso ibonakalisiweSihlala sicinga nge-cinema njengendalo egcwele ubunewunewu kunye nempumelelo, kodwa, ngokuqhelekileyo, iziqalo ze-genius zenziwe ngokusilela, imisebenzi yeeyure ezilishumi elinesithandathu, kunye nokutya okubi.

Incwadi iphendula imibuzo ekufuneka wonke umlandeli wevidiyo ezibuze yona ngaxa lithile, njengale: Yintoni umntu afanele ayifunde ukuze abe ngumgxeki okanye umvelisi wefilimu?, indlela izikripthi ezithunyiweyo ezibhalwa ngayo, yintoni umlawuli we-novice ajongene nayo xa abadlali benamava kunaye, kunye neminye imibuzo evezwayo ephendulwa ngokuhlekisa, ukuthanda, kunye nolwazi.

Ucatshulwa nguJaime Bartolomé

«Ndiyathanda ukubalisa amabali: xa ndingumdlali ohlekisayo ndiyathanda ukubalisa amabali eqongeni; Xa ndiphucula kwaye kufuneka ndidale izinto ngokungenanto, kwaye xa ndibhala izikripthi okanye iinoveli, ngokucacileyo ndakha amabali, ndidala izakhiwo. (Udliwano-ndlebe kwi-historidelcine.es)
"Ubawo wayethanda i-cinema, kwaye ukususela emncinci kakhulu wayedla ngokundithatha kwi-cinema kakhulu. Kwaye akazange andithathe ukuba ndibone i-Bambi, okanye i-Three Little Pigs, okanye iifilimu ze-Disney, kodwa wandithatha, i-bastard wayeyiyo, into ephindwe kabini kwiifilimu ze-Bogart, i-Marx Brothers, uLubitsch, uBilly Wilder ... Ngoko, ndakhulela kwi-moviedel movie.

Iibhayisekile ezihamba lula, iinkunzi zenkomo ezinomsindo: isizukulwana esatshintsha iHollywood (2008), nguPeter Biskind

IHollywood iyafana nempumelelo, kodwa ibingasoloko injalo, ubuncinci hayi kuye wonke umntu. Kuphela ngabalawuli abazizityebi nababalulekileyo abaya apho. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1969, kunye ne-premiere kunye nempumelelo ye Easy Rider, Ifilimu yebhayisekile yebhajethi ephantsi, yaphawula ukuqala kwexesha elitsha labadali kunye nezihloko. Eso sizukulwana sabalathisi abaselula sasiquka iScorsese, iCoppola, neSpielberg.

Aba bafana baqala ukwenza imiboniso bhanyabhanya ngentsebenziswano nabadlali ababengekaziwa kangako, abafana noRobert De Niro, uAl Pacino noJack Nicholson. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, bonke baba ziinkosi ezintsha nezinamandla zaseHollywood. Le ncwadi iqulethwe ngamakhulu odliwanondlebe kunye nabayili: iinkwenkwezi, iiarhente, ababhali besikrini, abafazi, ababesakuba ngabafazi, kunye namalungu osapho.

Peter Biskind Quotes

"Akukho nto ndiyifumana inobundlobongela: indoda ebonisa eyona nto imbi kakhulu ukuba ihlekise abantu ... ukuze ikhulule kwii-complexes zayo." Yonke into ayenzayo kwi-cinema yonyango.
"Imigulukudu yodidi yimveliso yaseHollywood. "Ukuba neklasi yayingumnqweno wayo yonke imigulukudu yokwenene."

imbali ye-cinema (2016), nguRomán Gubern

I-Cinema yinto enzima, ukuphunyezwa kwayo kufuna iqela elikhulu labasebenzi.: abalawuli, ababhali besikrini, abancedisi bekhamera, abafoti, iimvumi, abadlali, abaqulunqi bempahla, amagcisa okukhanyisa, amagcisa esandi, phakathi kwezinye iingcali ezininzi ezenza kube nokwenzeka ukuzisa imisebenzi epheleleyo kwizikrini zehlabathi ezisebenzisa zonke iintlobo zobugcisa ukubalisa ibali, kwaye yiloo nto lo mqulu umalunga nayo.

Unokuthi esi sisicatshulwa sokufundisa, esilungele ukufundisa nokufunda malunga nendaleko yobugcisa besixhenxe. Yapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1969 yaza yaguqulelwa phantse kuzo zonke iilwimi. Incwadi kaGubern iye yaba yinto eqhelekileyo. Amaphepha ayo abalisa ibali lokuzalwa komboniso bhanya-bhanya kunye nendlela eyavela ngayo ukusuka kwindawo entsha ukuya kumxube wobugcisa obahlukeneyo.

Ucatshulwa nguRomán Gubern

"I-Cinema ifana nokufota kunye negramafoni, inkqubo yobugcisa evumela umntu ukuba aqonde inkalo yehlabathi: i-dynamism yezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo."
"Ibhayibhile, engadingi mali yasebukhosini, yaphule zonke iirekhodi zohlengahlengiso lwefilimu."

Ukukrola ngexesha: Ukubonakaliswa koBugcisa, i-Aesthetics, kunye neMibongo yeCinema (2023), ngu-Andrei Tarkovsky

Kule ncwadi imfutshane kodwa ivuselela ngokwenene, umlawuli wabelana ngedayari yakhe yomsebenzi, ephonononga, ngembono ecacileyo kodwa eyothusayo, imingeni engundoqo yomsebenzi wakhe kunye nendlela athe wajongana ngayo nemiba eyahlukeneyo ebandakanya yona. Uthetha ngendlela athe wabaphatha ngayo abadlali, imibhalo, iimontages, izithonga, umculo, kunye nezinye izinto eziphathelele kwindalo ye-cinematographic.

Ngelo xesha, le ncwadi ibhaliwe ngaphandle komyalelo ocwangcisiweyo, onokuthi, ngokumangalisayo, unike umoya wokuqhelana. Ngendlela efanayo, Ithi izicombululo azifanele yaye azifanelanga zibe ngqongqo, kodwa kufuneka ivele kwiingxoxo zokwenyani ezibhekisa kwiingxaki eziyinyani ngokulinganayo. Iintlelo zayo ezininzi zingqina ukuba oku kubhekiswa kubo bonke abathandi befilimu.

Iingcaphuno zikaAndrei Tarkovsky

"Ukuthula kunamandla kunamazwi; kutyhila into engenakuchazwa."
"Ubomi yingqokelela yamaxesha adlulayo; ukubabamba ngumsebenzi womenzi wefilimu."
"Amandla okwenene e-cinema alele ekukwazini ukusenza sithandabuze ubukho bethu."
"Ubuchule beCinematic kufuneka bube kwinkonzo yomxholo weemvakalelo zomsebenzi."

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