Ngo 'Kapteni', USusana Martín Gijón ubuyela kwiGolden Age ukubhala inoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho esekwe eGranada ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-16. Umsebenzi weluka icebo lolwaphulo-mthetho elinokwakhiwa ngokutsha kwesixeko, emva koko kwaphawulwa ngobukhazikhazi bobugcisa emva koloyiso kunye neengxabano zasentlalweni ezazisagquba ngaphantsi komhlaba.
Incwadi sele ikwiivenkile zeencwadi kwaye, Ngaphambi kokuqaliswa, umbhali ukhenkethe iindawo eziphambili eqhubeka kwisicwangciso sokwabelana nabafundi kunye namajelo eendaba ngendlela ubunyani bedolophu nezopolitiko bexesha elibangela ukuthandabuza. Olu khenketho lweendawo ezineempawu zeGranada zikwasebenza njengemephu yokufunda ibali elijonge kwixesha elidlulileyo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yintsomi yolwaphulo-mthetho lwangoku.
Iploti kunye nabalinganiswa
Kwimbindi yengxelo, Isidumbu sibonakala kwiholo yeConvent yaseSan José (Discalced Carmelites), ekhulula ityala elisongela igama loluntu. UDade uAna de Jesús—obizwa ngokuba nguKapteni ngenxa yesimilo sakhe nokuzimisela kwakhe—ngobulumko nangokungqongqo uwenza umsebenzi wokukhusela oodade wabo nokucacisa oko kwenzekayo.
ecaleni kwakhe, UMzalwana uJohn woMnqamlezo (kamva oNgcwele kaYohane waseMnqamlezweni) isebenza njengomncedisi obalulekileyo. Bebonke benza i-duo yophando engaqhelekanga, banyanzelwa ukuba bahambe ngokufihlakeleyo phakathi kokusekwa kwecawa, inkqubo yobulungisa yobukumkani, kunye neengxabano ezidala zesixeko. Njengoko uphando luqhubela phambili, kuvela iimfihlo ezinokugungqisa isixeko kumbindi waso. iintsika zobuKristu kwiSithsaba.
Inoveli, epapashwe nguAlfaguara, khetha isingqisho sobuqhophololo obuzinzileyo Oku kumema umfundi ukuba abophe iziphelo ezikhululekileyo phambi kwabalinganiswa ngokwabo. Ngaphandle kokuyeka ukusetwa kwembali, umbhali ubeka phambili uxinezeleko olubalisayo kunye nokuboniswa kwabalinganiswa abaneengxabano ezibonakalayo, ezikhoyo kwi eyona noveli zolwaphulo-mthetho.
eGranada ngowe-1585: imeko yentlalo nezopolitiko
Isenzo senzeka ngo-1585, Kwiminyaka emihlanu emva kweBhabhiloni, ngo-1580, kwaye kwisixeko esaphawulwa yimiphumo yeReconquista. Ilifa lemveli elityebileyo elikhuthazwa ziiMonarchs zamaKatolika ligxininiswe kwinyani eqatha: ii-convents kunye neemonki ezinendawo yangaphakathi engqongqo, imarike yesilika ephumelelayo ehambisana nobuhlwempu kunye nomoya wokukrokrelana okungapheliyo.
I-echo ye Imvukelo yeAlpujarras (eyayenzeke kwiminyaka elishumi elinesiqingatha ngaphambili) iphinda ibuyele ngasemva: uxinzelelo lwamaMorisco kunye noloyiko lwemvukelo entsha lumisela ubudlelwane bamandla. Umsebenzi uphonononga lo mhlaba womntu ngaphandle kokuwela kwi-anachronisms, ubonisa indlela ukungavisisani kwezentlalo nezonqulo ukuvuza kuphando.
Ubulungisa basebukhosini bunesihlalo sayo IChancery yaseRoyal, ePlaza Nueva (namhlanje iNkundla ePhakamileyo yoBulungisa yaseAndalusia). Kufuphi kwakukho iintolongo ezimbini—ephezulu nephantsi—amagama azo asekho kwizitrato zangoku. Ukusuka kwezi zisele, abagwetyiweyo behla ngesitalato iZacatín ukuya Isikwere seBib-Rambla, apho ukubulawa kwakutsala izihlwele.
Iimeko ezakha ibali
UMartín Gijón uyile indlela yoncwadi kwiindawo zokwenyani zesixeko. Uninzi lwazo lunokutyelelwa kwaye lusebenze njengeengongoma iankile zokufunda. ukuguqula inoveli ibe luhlobo lwesikhokelo ukuqonda ukuba iGranada inzima kwaye inomdla.
- UCarmen wabafeli-nkolo: indawo apho inoveli iqala khona nalapho uJuan de la Cruz wayephambi koonongendi begama elifanayo.
- IConvent yaseSan José kunye neConvent yeCarmelites eKhutshiweyo: Undoqo womoya kunye nendawo yolwaphulo-mthetho lokuqala.
- I-Monasterio yaseSan Jerónimo: Ukuphumla koMphathi oMkhulu, kunye nomzukulwana wamagama ofumana ubunzima kwisakhiwo.
- ISango lerharnati kunye neNduli yeGomérez: Ukuhamba okunyanzelekileyo ukuya e-Alhambra kunye nokuwela abalinganiswa ngexesha leeyure ezingekho phezulu.
- IChancery yaseRoyal kunye nePlaza Nueva: undoqo wamandla enkundla yobukumkani esixekweni.
- Indlu yeeShots (ibhloko yegolide): indawo yeengxoxo apho amanani afana noJuan Latino akhanya.
Kulo mosaic kubonakala kwakhona Umntwana kaGuevara, isalathiso samandla okugweba elo xesha, kunye nenani le UJuan Latino, umfanekiso osisiseko nosoloko ulityalwa, ubukho bakhe bunceda ekukhanyiseleni ubomi bengqondo nocalucalulo lwelo xesha.
Amaxwebhu, isimbo kunye neempembelelo
Ukucacisa lo msebenzi, umbhali wenze a iminyaka emibini inkqubo yamaxwebhu ngokutyelelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo eGranada, eguqulela kwisimo esichanekileyo: izithethe, ii-hierarchies, izakhiwo kunye ne-toponymy zibonakala ngokwemvelo, ngaphandle kokucotha ukuguqulwa kwebali.
Uqeqeshelwe uMthetho ngaphambi komsebenzi wakhe wokubhala, uMartín Gijón uhamba ngokulula ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nenkqubo, kwaye idlulisela loo mbono kwinoveli: indlela uphando olwenziwa ngayo, yintoni efihliweyo, kunye nendlela isohlwayo esinikezelwa ngayo. Kukho kwakhona ii-echoes ze Igama likaRose, ngu-Umberto Eco kwihlabathi elivaliweyo kunye neemfihlo zalo, nangona ugxininiso apha lukwindawo yoonongendi yabasetyhini, kuqaqambisa izithuba zokuzimela kunye nenkcubeko kubo.
Umbhali ukhusela ingcamango yenoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho enobizo lokuba isikhalazo sentlalo: Iyasonwabisa, iyasityhalela ekusombululeni iphazili, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, yalatha iintanda kwinkqubo eziphindaphindayo namhlanje. Kwi-'La Capitana' oku kubonakaliswa kwinkangeleko yokungalingani, ubundlobongela bamaziko, kunye nesikhundla sabasetyhini kwiwebhu yamandla, imixholo ephindaphindiweyo kwi Ulwaphulo-mthetho olugqwesileyo kunye nenoveli yobuqhophololo iyafundwa.
Unxulumaniso nomsebenzi wakhe wangaphambili kunye nomsebenzi
'La Capitana' ikwingxoxo kunye 'neLa Babilonia, 1580' ngokumisela isenzo sayo kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, ukutshintshiselana ngeSeville etyebileyo kwiGranada engqongqo kunye ne-conventual. Izicwangciso ezichaseneyo zivumela umbhali ukuba ahlolisise enye inkalo yexesha elifanayo lembali kwaye abonise indlela ubuqhetseba bolwaphulo-mthetho buqhelana nesixeko ngasinye.
UMartín Gijón waziwa ngayo Camino Vargas trilogy —'Progeny', 'Species' kunye 'Planet'— kunye nezihloko ezinjengezi 'More than Bodies', 'From Eternity', 'Castaways' okanye 'Wine and Gunpowder'. Umsebenzi wakhe uye wamkelwa ngeembasa ezifana ne IMbasa yeCordoblack, iCubelles Noir, iGranada Noir kunye ne-Avuelapluma yeeLeta. Iincwadi zakhe ziye zafikelela EArgentina, eMexico naseColombia, ziye zaguqulelwa kwisiTaliyane kwaye uthethathethwano luyaqhubeka ngokusungulwa kwabo kwimarike yaseFransi.
Ngaphandle kwe fanfare okanye fireworks, inoveli iphakamisa uhambo oluya eGranada ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-16 apho. uphando lolwaphulo-mthetho lusebenza njengentambo efanayo ukuze sibe nombono wexesha layo langaphambili ezidolophini, ezopolitiko nezomoya. Phakathi kwama-cloister, amagumbi enkundla, kunye nezitrato eziphakamileyo, umbhali unikezela ngebali elinokuthi lifundwe njengokhenketho lwesixeko: isixhobo esiluncedo kubahambi abanomdla kunye neeGranadans abafuna ukufumanisa imbali yabo ngentsomi.
