Uncwadi lweSpanish luqala unyaka ngokugxila UFernando Aramburu kunye nenoveli yakhe entsha, uMaiteUkubuyela okuqinisekileyo kwiLizwe laseBasque kunye namanxeba avulekileyo obundlobongela bobugrogrisi. Kwindawo yokupapasha egcwele abantu abanzima, umbhali wencwadi patria Kwakhona ibeka iLizwe laseBasque embindini wengxoxo yoncwadi kunye nokuziphatha.
Incwadi iza kufika kwiivenkile zeencwadi nge-4 kaMatshi kwaye sele iqalile enye yeenguqulelo ezintsha ezilindelwe kakhulu kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka ngabafundi, abagxeki kunye nabathengisi beencwadi. I-Aramburu ibuyela kwindawo ayaziyo kakuhle: iminyaka apho i-ETA yayisabulala, uloyiko lwemihla ngemihla kunye noxinzelelo olusisiseko olwalungena kwiintsapho nakubomi boluntu.
Ukubuyela kwimihla yokubanjwa kukaMiguel Ángel Blanco
IMaite yenzeka eSan Sebastián, ngoJulayi 1997.Ngeentsuku ezifanayo i-ETA eyathimba ngazo ilungu lebhunga lase-Ermua uMiguel Ángel Blanco yaza yakhupha isigwebo phantsi kwesoyikiso sokubulawa, ezo ntsuku zine, ezaphawula utshintsho olukhulu kuluntu lwaseSpain, zisebenza njengemvelaphi yembali neemvakalelo zale noveli.
Ngelixa ilizwe libukele ngokwethuka njengoko ukubiwa kwabantu kuqhubeka, u-Aramburu ubeka isenzo ngaphakathi kwinqanaba lasekhaya: Umama neentombi zakhe ezimbini bahlala kunye eflethini eSan Sebastián. Okwangoku, uloyiko, umsindo, kunye nokungaqiniseki kungena kwiincoko zikamabonwakude, unomathotholo, kunye nezesitalato. Abalinganiswa abaphambili bayathetha, bayaphikisana, kwaye bayaxhasana, kodwa bayakuphepha ukubiza ngokupheleleyo okwenzekayo ngaphandle kunye noko kubacinezelayo ngaphakathi.
Isishwankathelo esikhutshwe yiTusquets sigxininisa lo mahluko: iziganeko zokwenyani zenzeka ngaxeshanye Ubomi babucala bukaMaite, umfazi onovelwano nonobubeleNangona kunjalo, usabambeke kwiindibano ezininzi, ukuzikhohlisa, kunye nokuthula okumthintela ekubhekaneni ngqo nezopolitiko kunye neemeko zobuqu.
Le ndlela yokubalisa ibali ivumela umbhali ukuguqula isiqendu esibalulekileyo sembali yakutshanje sibe yimbali yosaphoIngqwalasela ayisekho nje kwiingxelo, imiboniso, okanye iintloko zeendaba, kodwa ikwindlela le meko icinezelayo engena ngayo ekhitshini, kwigumbi lokuhlala, kwiipaseji zendlu, nakubudlelwane phakathi koomama neentombi.
Ukusuka ku "Patria" ukuya ku "Maite": ukuqhubeka notshintsho kwindalo iphela yaseAramburu
Con MaiteUFernando Aramburu ubuyela kwinqanaba leBasque kunye nesandi se-ETA emva kwempembelelo yehlabathi patria, eye yaba yenye yeempumelelo ezinkulu zebali laseYurophu lakutshanjeUkuba kuloo noveli waphanda amashumi eminyaka ukwaphuka kweentsapho ezimbini kwidolophu ephawulwe kukukhombana nokungathethi, ngoku ugxila amehlo akhe kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo.
Kuzo zombini ezi ncwadi, kukho inkxalabo Indlela ubugrogrisi obabubonwa ngayo kwiindawo zabucalaLe filimu ihlola imixholo yoxinzelelo lwentlalo, uloyiko lokuthetha, iikhowudi zoluntu ezingabhalwanga, ubuhlobo obuqhekekileyo, kunye nokuthembeka okungqubanayo. Kodwa ngeli xesha, u-Aramburu ukhetha isakhiwo esizinzileyo, esifana nefoto yekhamera engashukumiyo yendlu eSan Sebastián ngexesha elibalulekileyo.
Ukukhetha ukuthunjwa kukaMiguel Ángel Blanco njengexhoba kwakungeyongozi. Olo lwaphulo-mthetho lwabangela impendulo enkulu ezitalatweni kulo lonke elaseSpainNjengoko imiboniso, iindibano, kunye nemibhikisho eqhumayo isakhunjulwa njengexesha lokutshintsha kwesimo ekulweni ne-ETA, i-Aramburu ibamba le meko yokuphazamiseka kwaye iyihluze ngeliso losapho olujongayo, olumamelayo, kwaye ngaxeshanye luzama ukungaboni yonke into.
Le ndibaniselwano ye inkumbulo yembali kunye nophando olusondeleyo amakhonkco aya ku enye yeempawu ezichaza umbhali: ukubalisa ibali lobundlobongela kungekuphela nje kwiinyani, kodwa nakwiimpawu ezishiya iimpawu zemihla ngemihla, kwiincoko ezingathethwanga kakuhle nakwizinto ezingathethwanga.
Usapho olunye, amazwi amathathu, kunye nokuthula okuninzi
Ingongoma yenoveli iqulathe UMaite, udadewabo uElene, kunye nonina waboNangona umyeni kaMaite kuthiwa uhambile esiya kuhambo lweshishini, uElene ubuyela esixekweni emva kokuchitha iminyaka eMelika aze asebenzise eli thuba ukutyelela unina, ohlushwa yi-stroke. Olu kudibana kwakhona lunyanzela abafazi abathathu ukuba babelane ngendawo nexesha njengoko lonke ilizwe liphefumla.
Ukusuka apho, u-Aramburu ubhala ibali apho Ukuhlalisana kubunjwa yinto engathethwanga.Abalinganiswa abaphambili bayakuphepha ukuxelelana inyaniso yonke, ngobomi babo nangendlela abacinga ngayo ngemeko yezopolitiko. Iincoko ziyaphazanyiswa, izihloko ziyaphetshwa, kwaye izivakalisi zishiywa zingagqitywanga, zibonisa loo mxube wothando, uloyiko, kunye nokudinwa okukhunjulwa ngabaninzi kuloo minyaka.
UMaite uchazwa njengo Ibhinqa elicingayo nelinovelwano, kodwa elilawulwa yimeko akuyoAkaswele ukuqonda okanye ukuqonda, kodwa akanayo inkululeko ethile yangaphakathi yokubuza ngokukhululekileyo imeko-bume emngqongileyo. Olu xinzelelo phakathi koko akubonayo noko avumela ukuba akuvume yenye yezinto eziqhuba iimvakalelo zale ncwadi.
U-Elene, yena, ufika enombono owahlukileyo, ophawulwe ngamava akhe aphesheya kunye nomgama ophakathi kwemfazwe yaseBasque. Ukubuya kwakhe kuzisa amanxeba amadala osapho kwaye iintlantsi ziyabhabha endlwini apho ukugula komama kunye nemeko yezopolitiko zisebenza njengemvelaphi ehlala ihleli.
Umama, obuthathaka emva kwestroke, umele kakhulu isizukulwana esiphile amashumi eminyaka sinoloyiko kwaye sirhoxaUbukho bayo, obuhlala buthule, bukhumbuza ixesha elide apho ubundlobongela babuyinxalenye yendlela eqhelekileyo ebonakala ngayo kwiidolophu ezininzi zaseBasque.
Inkumbulo yakutshanje kunye nengxoxo yoluntu eSpain naseYurophu
Ukuphehlelelwa Maite Kwenzeka ngexesha apho Inkumbulo yobugrogrisi eSpain iyaqhubeka nokuba yingxoxo yezopolitiko, yeendaba kunye neyoluntuIntsomi ka-Aramburu iphinde ingenelele kule ngxoxo, kungekhona kwingxelo okanye kwingxelo-mbali, kodwa ngabalinganiswa abacacileyo abanyanzela umfundi ukuba azibeke endaweni yakhe, ngamathandabuzo kunye nokuphikisana kwakhe.
Kwimeko yaseYurophu, umsebenzi ubandakanya incoko noogqirha Ezinye iingxelo zithetha ngogonyamelo lwezopolitiko kunye noxinzelelo oluhlangeneyoUkususela kuncwadi lwase-Ireland malunga nengxabano e-Ulster ukuya kwiinoveli ezijonge iBalkans okanye ubugrogrisi bamaSilamsi, ityala le-ETA kunye nemiphumo yalo liyaqhubeka nokuvelisa umdla ngaphandle kweSpain, ikakhulu ngenxa yokusasazwa kwehlabathi jikelele kwe- patria y iindlela abaziqhelileyo.
Upapasho lwe Maite Oku kongeza kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka apho imakethi yokushicilela yaseYurophu iya kubona khona Imisebenzi emitsha ebhalwe ngababhali abafana noSalman Rushdie, uEmmanuel Carrère, kunye noPierre LemaitreKodwa zimbalwa iincwadi ezintsha ezidibana ngqo nembali yelizwe elithile njengoko inoveli entsha ka-Aramburu isenza ngoluntu lwaseSpain.
Abapapashi kunye nabezindaba bayibeke le ncwadi phakathi iibhethi ezinkulu zesizini kwihlabathi leHispanicOku kubalulekile ngenxa yobukhulu bombhali kunye nokubaluleka okuhlala ixesha elide komxholo. Asikuko nje ibali elimalunga nowe-1997, kodwa likwabonisa indlela esiyibona ngayo loo minyaka namhlanje kunye nendawo inkumbulo kaMiguel Ángel Blanco esenayo engqondweni yomntu wonke.
I-Aramburu kwimephu yoncwadi ka-2026
Ngaphakathi kwikhalenda yokuhlela yesiqingatha sokuqala senyanga, UFernando Aramburu wabelana ngodumo namagama aphambili amaninzi eSpain naseYurophu, kodwa ubukho bayo buphawuleka kakhulu kwiikhathalogu zezindlu ezinkulu zokupapasha ezikwiBarcelona naseMadrid. Uqikelelo oluvela kwiivenkile zeencwadi kunye nezongezelelo zenkcubeko lubonisa ukuba Maite Iza kuba yenye yeencwadi eziphambili kwiitafile ezintsha zokukhululwa kunye nakwiiklabhu zeencwadi.
Ukubuya kwakhe kukwahambelana umzuzu wokubonakala okukhethekileyo kwibali leSpanishNgenxa yababhali abafake imiba yasekuhlaleni kwiincoko zamazwe ngamazwe, u-Aramburu uphinde wanikela ngembono yakhe yoncwadi ngeLizwe laseBasque kunye nenkumbulo yobugrogrisi, eqinisa isikhundla sakhe njengomnye wababhali beenoveli baseSpain abafundwa kakhulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwelizwe.
Ulindelo lubunjwa yinkumbulo yokwamkelwa patriakodwa nangenxa yomdla wokuqinisekisa Umbhali ngoku ujongana njani nesiqendu esithile nesinamandla kakhulu ngokomfuziselo? njengokuthinjwa kukaMiguel Ángel Blanco. Ukukhethwa kwebali elijolise kusapho olunye kunye neentsuku ezimbalwa kubonisa ukuba lihlolisiswe kancinci, kodwa lingenabunzulu kangako, imeko yokuziphatha yaloo maxesha.
Ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye izinto ezinkulu ezenzekayo kwihlabathi liphela ezikhomba kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo—ukusuka kwiRashiya yenkulungwane yama-20 ukuya kwiingxabano zanamhlanje okanye iintsomi ezingaqhelekanga—, UMaite ujika amehlo akhe ajonge ezitalatweni, ezindlwini nakwiincoko zeLizwe laseBasque kwelinye lawona maxesha anzima kwimbali yakutshanje yaseSpain.
Isibhengezo sale noveli siqinisekisa ukuba U-Aramburu uza kuqhubeka nokuba lilizwi eliphambili xa kufikwa ekubaliseni ixesha le-ETA ngendlela yoncwadi. kunye nemiphumo yayo yeemvakalelo neyentlalo. Ukudibana kwenkumbulo yembali, ingxabano esenyongweni, kunye nabalinganiswa abanobuchule kuthembisa isahluko esitsha kumsebenzi wombhali owenze iBasque Country yaba yenye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zoncwadi lwaseYurophu kule nkulungwane.
