Uluntu loncwadi lwaseSpeyin luzilile emva kokulahlekelwa nguGermán Gullón kutshanje., umgxeki, umbhali wezincoko kunye nonoveli, owasweleka eneminyaka engama-80 ubudala kufuphi Amsterdam. Ukufa kwakhe kuye kwaba yintlungu engathethekiyo kwihlabathi loncwadi, kungekuphela nje ngenxa yokufaneleka kwakhe ngobukrelekrele kodwa nangenxa yempembelelo enkulu awayishiyayo ekugxekweni koncwadi lwangoku. Njengonjingalwazi ophumayo kwiYunivesithi yaseAmsterdam kunye nelungu leSikolo seAmsterdam esidumileyo soHlalutyo lweNkcubeko, uGullón wayengumntu ophambili kuhlalutyo, ukuhlela, kunye nokusasazwa kweentsomi zaseSpain ze19th, 20th, kunye ne21st inkulungwane.
Ikhethekileyo kubabhali bakudala nabanamhlanje baseSpainUGermán Gullón wanikela inxalenye elungileyo yobomi bakhe ekuphandeni nasekuhlaziyeni umzobo kaBenito Pérez Galdós, waba sisalathiso samazwe ngamazwe kwizifundo zaseGaldosian. Ibhayografi yakhe"UGaldós, umphathi woncwadi lwangoku»wafumana iBhaso loNcwadi lweSixeko saseSantander, eqaqambisa umsebenzi wakhe njengombhali obukhali kunye nombhali wamabali obukhali. Ukwengeza, Wasebenza njengomhlalutyi woncwadi kwi-El Cultural iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabini, igalelo kwingxoxo-mpikiswano yobukrelekrele ngamanqaku angoncwadi lwaseYurophu kunye ne-Anglo-Saxon kunye nababhali abakhulu bexesha langoku.
Ikhondo lezemfundo lamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuzinikela ekufundiseni
Wazalelwa eSantander ngowe-1945. UGullón waqala uqeqesho lwakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseSalamanca kwaye kamva wafumana iPhD yakhe kwiDyunivesithi yaseTexas eAustin. Uhambo lwakhe lwezemfundo lwamkhokelela ekubeni abe unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania, apho wabelana ngophando kunye noGonzalo Sobejano owaziwayo kunye noRussell P. Sebold, kwaye wakhonza njengomlawuli weSebe leeLwimi zaseSpain kunye neClassical kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eDavis. La mava ezizwe ngezizwe amvumela ukuba enze umbono othelekisekayo novulekileyo woncwadi lweSpanish, awayesoloko ewudlulisela kwiiklasi zakhe nakwizincoko. Ngexesha lakhe eMelika, wawongwa ngembasa yeLindback yokuFundisa okuBalulekileyo kwaye wasebenzisana iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi njengomhleli osebenzisana naye. Uphononongo lweSpanishi.
EAmsterdam, indawo yakhe yokugqibela yobungcali, UGullón wazimisa njengelizwi elisisiseko le-European HisspanismKwakhona wathatha inxaxheba kwiinkomfa, iikhosi kunye neesemina kwiiyunivesithi zaseSpain nase-United States, kunye nomlawuli weCervantes Institute e-Utrecht. ukuzibophelela ekufikeleleni eluntwini nakwimfundo Waqatshelwa ngokwahlukileyo njengeGuggenheim Fellowship kunye nokuqatshelwa ngokuhloniphekileyo kweGaldosiano de Honor.
Umsebenzi obalulekileyo, osisincoko kunye nokubalisa: imveliso enempembelelo
Ububanzi bomsebenzi wakhe buphawuleka kokubini kuhlalutya loncwadi nakwindlela yokubalisaIzihloko eziphawulekayo ziquka "Abarhwebi kwiTempile yoBhalo" kunye "neVenus Eguqukileyo: Ukugxekwa ngoBhalo kwi-Contemporary Spain," evula ingxoxo ngendima yomgxeki kunye nesimo soncwadi lweSpanish. UGermán Gullón ungene nzulu kwibali lenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kunye nelanamhlanje, evelisa ukuhlelwa okucokisekileyo kweenoveli nguGaldós, Unamuno, Clarín, kunye nabanye ababhali abaphambili. Iminikelo yakhe yandisa ingcamango yokubhala kunye nokuziphendukela kwemibhalo yeklasikhi, egxininisa ukubaluleka komhleli kunye nomxholo wembali ekutolikeni kwemisebenzi.
Ilungu leJury leBhaso leNadal kunye neSixeko saseValladolid ibhaso ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanuUGullón ube negalelo ekusasazeni nasekuqapheliseni eyona ntsomi ibalaseleyo yanamhlanje. Kwakhona walungelelanisa i-portal ye-Contemporary Spanish Novel ye-Biblioteca Cervantes Virtual, ekhuthaza ukufikelela kwimisebenzi ephambili ukusuka kwi-19th kunye ne-20th inkulungwane. Njengombhali we-fiction, wapapasha iingqokelela zebali elifutshane elithi "Goodbye, Helen of Troy" kunye ne "Azulete," kunye neenoveli "Intombi ethandekayo," "Ukuhaha kukaWilliam wase-Orange," kunye ne "Moncloa. Umfazi Wenza Imbali," nganye emele imbono yayo ebukhali yentlalo kunye nezopolitiko.
Amaqhina osapho, ilifa kunye nenkumbulo eAstorga naseSantander
UGermán Gullón wayengunyana ka URicardo Gullón, iNkosana ye-Asturias Award for Literature kwi-1989, oyena mntu uphambili ekuhlalutyweni kweencwadi ngenkulungwane yama-20. Ubunzima belifa losapho lwakhe babumba ubudlelwane bakhe obukhethekileyo kunye nesixeko sase-Astorga, apho wakhuthaza khona iinkomfa, iintetho, kunye neeprojekthi zenkcubeko ezinikezelwe kwinkumbulo kayise kunye nesithethe soncwadi sasekhaya. KuGullón, inkcubeko kunye nenkumbulo yosapho yayingahlukani, kwaye wakhuthaza ukwenziwa kweziko lenkcubeko elidityaniswe neSikolo saseAstorga, esomeleza ubukrelekrele besixeko kwindawo yesizwe. Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, waqhubeka ebuyela kwi-Astorga kunye ne-Santander, egcina ubudlelwane obuqinileyo kunye nenkcubeko kunye nezixeko zombini.
UGullón wagqama ngombono wakhe we-heterodox kunye nobuntu boncwadi lweSpanish., eyayiquka ukuKhanya, iZiko leMfundo laSimahla, kunye nokugxothwa kobukrelekrele okwabangelwa yiMfazwe Yamakhaya. Wasebenza kunye nabanye abadumileyo abanjengoClaudio Guillén kunye noCarlos Blanco Aguinaga, bonke bengabakhuseli besazisi senkcubeko yaseSpain evulekileyo nesininzi.
Umsebenzi wakhe waqatshelwa izihlandlo ezininzi: ukongeza Imbasa yeSixeko saseSantander kunye neGuggenheim FellowshipWaye wabizwa ngokuba yi-Honorary Galdosian, wafumana i-Honorary Medal yeYunivesithi yasePennsylvania, kwaye wayelilungu elisebenzayo leMenendez Pelayo Society. Ukubandakanyeka kwakhe kubomi benkcubeko kunye nokufundisa, kudibaniswa nokukwazi kwakhe ukukhuthaza ingxoxo kunye neengxoxo kunye nezizukulwana ezahlukeneyo zabafundi, kumenza abe ngumntu onzima ukuthatha indawo kwindawo yenkcubeko yase-Hispanic.
Kwiminyaka yakhe kamva, uGullón waqhubeka ebhala kwaye efaka isandla rhoqo kumajelo akhethekileyo, enikezela ngeengcamango ezinzulu kwiincwadi zeSpanishi, ezopolitiko kunye noluntu. Abo bamaziyo bayamncoma ngokulula kwakhe, uncumo lwakhe olungaguqukiyo, kunye nokukwazi kwakhe ukukhuthaza umdla wokufunda nokucinga nzulu. Ushiye umzekelo wengqibelelo yobukrelekrele kunye nothando lwenkcubeko oluya kuhlala luqhubeka kwimisebenzi awayihlelayo, iincwadi azipapashayo, kunye nabafundi abaqeqeshe kumashumi eminyaka.