Ukuqala kuka-2026 kufika kwiivenkile zeencwadi eziphawulwe yi- Ukubuyela kukaSalman Rushdie ekubhaleni iintsomiIsiganeko soncwadi esikumgangatho ophezulu esiza emva kohlaselo olunobundlongondlongo olwaphantse lwambulala ngo-Agasti 2022. Emva kokubalisa eso siganeko kwiinkumbulo zakhe ImelaUmbhali ngoku ubuyela kwinto ayenzayo kakuhle: ukubalisa amabali adibanisa iingcinga ezingenamda, ukucamngca ngezopolitiko, kunye nembono yomntu ngehlabathi.
Le mbuyekezo ifumaneka kwi Iyure yokugqibela, umqulu wamabali amahlanu apapashwe yiRandom House Le ncwadi, epapashwa kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye ilindelwe kakhulu eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, ifika ngaphambi kokuba kubekho ingxolo ejikeleze abagxeki base-Anglo-Saxon kunye nomdla owongezelelekileyo wokubona indlela amava olu hlaselo aluguqule ngayo ilizwi lombhali ochithe amashumi eminyaka ekhusela inkululeko yokuthetha.
Incwadi yamabali ejonga ukufa ngelixa isabhiyozela ubomi
Kule sihloko sitsha, URushdie udibanisa amabali amahlanu athetha ngemixholo embalwa ephambiliUkufa, ilifa esilishiyayo, ubuwena kunye nokuba ngumntu ohlala apho, kunye nendlela esivalelisa ngayo kwiindawo esizibiza ngokuba likhaya lethu zonke ezi zinto zihlolisiswayo. Le asiyongqokelela yamabali amnandi, kodwa yincwadi evuma ngokuphandle ukuba umbhali ukwinqanaba lokugqibela lobomi bakhe nomsebenzi wakhe, into ebonakala ngokucacileyo kwiingxelo.
Iimpawu zeploti uluhlu lwabalinganiswa ababalaseleyo njengoko bengabantu kakhuluIzigebenga ezibini ezindala ezineenqaku ekufuneka zilungiswe, isibini esingonwabanga esinomculo, imali, kunye nomlingo omncinci, umbono wesazinzulu saseNgilani esiziphindezelayo, ukufa okungaqondakaliyo, kunye nomzekeliso obonisa kwangaphambili inkululeko yokuthethaNgaphantsi komphezulu weentsomi kunye namabali angaqhelekanga kukho ingcamango enzulu malunga nendlela yokujongana nesiphelo kunye nendawo amabali athatha kuyo ngelo xesha lokugqibela.
Ejongene nobundlobongela obumphethe kangangamashumi eminyaka, Umbhali uphendula ngoncwadi.Imibuzo ebuzwa kule ncwadi iphantse ithethwe ngokuvakalayo: Ngaba sifanele sizivumele sitsalelwe ekufeni okanye sivukele? Ubudlelwane namazwe nezixeko eziye zabumba ubomi obuqhekekileyo, okanye obuqinisekisiweyo bunjani? Ngaba ingcinga inganika intuthuzelo xa inyani ibinobundlongondlongo kakhulu?
Ukubuyela eBombay kunye nabalinganiswa abakwi "Midnight's Children"
Enye yezinto ezibangela umdla kakhulu kubafundi baseYurophu kukuba Iyure yokugqibela ibuyela kwizigaba kunye nemifanekiso Abantwana bobusukuLe noveli eyamenza uRushdie waduma kwihlabathi liphela ngo-1981. Umbhali uphinda ajonge izitalato zaseBombay ngexesha lenkululeko yamaIndiya aze aphinde ajonge abalinganiswa ababesaziwa ngabafundi, ebanika intsingiselo entsha xa kuthelekiswa nokuhamba kwexesha.
Esi senzo sokubuyela emsebenzini wakhe sisebenza njenge incoko phakathi koRushdie oselula kunye noRushdie wangokuUmbhali oye wanyamezela impikiswano, izoyikiso, amashumi eminyaka ejongiwe, kunye nomzamo wokubulawa. Ubukho babo baphambili ukususela ngo-1981, obuphinde bajongwa ngeliso elivuthiweyo, buvumela le ncwadi ukuba ifundwe phantse njengengxoxo ephakathi kweIndiya yangaphambili, amava abantu abangaphandle, kunye nembali yobomi bombhali.
Kwangelo xesha Lo mqulu ubonisa imephu ebalulekileyo edibanisa iIndiya, iNgilane kunye neMelika.Amazwe amathathu uRushdie ahlala kuwo abumbe ubuwena bakhe kunye nokuqonda kwakhe uncwadi. Olu hambo lubonakala kwiimeko zamabali, indlela abalinganiswa abathetha ngayo, kunye neengxabano zenkcubeko ezihlala zivela kuyo yonke incwadi.
Ukusuka kwi "Knife" ukuya kwi "Penultimate Hour": ukubhala emva kohlaselo
Ngaphambi kokuba abuyele kwiincwadi ezingeyonyani, uRushdie wapapasha Imela, ibali lembali apho achaze ngokweenkcukacha uhlaselo olwenzeka ngomhla we-12 kweyeThupha, ngowama-2022xa wahlatywa ngexesha lenkomfa eyayikumntla weNew York. Kuloo ncwadi, ethathwa ziindaba ezininzi njengenye yezona ncwadi zinamandla nezingeyonyani zonyaka, umbhali akathethanga nje kuphela ngohlaselo ngokwalo, kodwa nangempembelelo yexesha elide ye- i-fatwa eyakhutshwa ngu-Ayatollah Khomeini ngo-1989 emva kokupapashwa kwe Iindinyana zikaSathana.
En Imela Uchaze indlela ubomi bakhe obutshintshe ngayo ukususela ngoko: ubukho bakhe obufihlakeleyo, ukhuseleko oluhlala luhleli, uxinzelelo kwabo bamngqongileyo, kunye nesithunzi sesongelo esingapheliyo. Uthethe nangokunyanisekileyo. amava omzimba nangokweemvakalelo ohlaselo luka-2022 kunye nenkqubo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo elandelayo, apho ukubhala kwakusebenza njengendlela yokwakha kwakhona oko bekusenzeka nokungavumeli ubundlobongela bube nelizwi lokugqibela.
Utshintsho oluvela kuloo memoir ukuya Ngoko ke iseti entsha yamabali angeyonyani ibaluleke kakhuluOku akukokutshintsha nje uhlobo lwebali, kodwa kukuvakalisa injongo: umbhali ugxininisa ekuqhubekeni nokuqamba amabali, ukuphonononga indalo yonke ecingelwayo, nokukhusela ukuzimela koncwadi kwimizamo yokuluthulisa. I-Penultimate Hour ingafundwa njengempendulo yobuchule kumzamo wokwenene wokucima ilizwi lakhe.
Umsebenzi ophawulwe yimpikiswano kunye nokukhusela inkululeko yokuthetha
Ukuze siqonde ubunzima obufuziselayo bale ncwadi intsha, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngubani umbhali wayo. USalman Rushdie wazalelwa eBombay ngo-1947. kwaye ungomnye wababalisi bamabali abanempembelelo kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Unyukele kwizinga eliphezulu kwihlabathi liphela nge Abantwana bobusuku, inoveli eyaphumelela iBooker Prize ngo-1981, eyathi, kwiminyaka kamva, yaqatshelwa njengencwadi ebizwa ngokuba yi "Booker of Bookers" kwaye yabalasela njenge "Best of the Bookers".
Kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe upapashe imisebenzi ebalulekileyo efana ne Iindinyana zikaSathana, Ukuncwina kokugqibela kukaMoror, UJoseph Anton o QuixoteUkongeza kwiincwadi zezincoko kunye neembali zobomi bakhe, ubhalo lwakhe ludibanisa ubunyani bemilingo, intlekisa yezopolitiko, ukucamngca ngembali, kunye nemvakalelo ekhethekileyo yokuhlekisa, nto leyo emenze wanconywa ngabafundi, abagxeki, kunye nabanye abasebenzi abangoochwephesha eYurophu naseMelika.
Upapasho lwe Iindinyana zikaSathana kubangele i- impikiswano yehlabathi engazange ibonwe ngaphambiliLe ncwadi yavalwa yaza yatshiswa kumazwe amaninzi anamaSilamsi amaninzi, kwaqhambuka udushe e-United Kingdom nase-United States, kwaye ngomhla we-14 kweyoMdumba ngo-1989, u-Ayatollah Khomeini wakhupha i-fatwa ecela ukuba kubulawe nabani na obandakanyekayo ekupapashweni kwale ncwadi. Abaguquleli abaliqela kunye namaqabane bahlaselwa, kwaye umguquleli waseJapan uHitoshi Igarashi wabulawa ngo-1991.
Ukususela ngoko, uRushdie uye waba uphawu lwehlabathi lonke lomzabalazo wenkululeko yokudalwa koncwadiNgenxa yomsebenzi wakhe, ufumene amabhaso afana neGrinzane Cavour Prize, i-US National Prize for the Arts, kunye nePeace Prize of the German Book Trade. Ngowama-2007, wahlonitshwa yiBritish Empire ngegalelo lakhe kuncwadi kwaye ungomnye weRoyal Society of Literature, kunye neCommander of the Order of Arts and Letters eFrance.
Ukwamkelwa okubalulekileyo kunye nendawo ye "Iyure Yokugqibela" emsebenzini wakhe
Ukuphehlelelwa Iyure yokugqibela Ifika ihamba nendumiso evela kubagxeki bamazwe ngamazwento leyo egxininisa amandla ebali lencwadi kunye nobunzima bayo beemvakalelo. Amajelo eendaba afana Ixesha, Umbonisi o Umgcini Bagxininisa ukuba, emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane Abantwana bobusukuAkukho mntu ubalisa amabali afana noRushdie, kwaye le ncwadi iqinisekisa ububanzi bokucinga kwakhe kunye nokuchaneka kwendlela ajonga ngayo ubuthathaka bomntu.
Ezi zimvo zongeza kwimbono ebanzi yokuba URushdie ngomnye wababali ababalulekileyo bexesha lethuAbabhali abaphambili bamchaze "njengentsomi" kwaye bagxininise ubuchule bakhe bokudibanisa ukuzinikela kwezopolitiko, iingcinga, amahlaya kunye nobubele kumsebenzi ofanayo, into ebonakala kwakhona kula mabali mahlanu akutshanje.
Kwimeko yolwimi lwesiSpanish, ukufika kwale ncwadi kuhambelana umdla ovuselelweyo kwisiqu sakhe, owavuselelwa emva kohlaselo luka-2022 kunye nokupapashwa kwe- ImelaKubafundi abasondela kumsebenzi wakhe okokuqala, Iyure yokugqibela Ingasebenza njengesango lokungena kwindalo yakhe yonke, ngelixa kwabo sele beyazi iinoveli zakhe ezibalaseleyo imele uhlobo lokudibana nabantu abaqhelene nabo, kodwa ibonwa kwelinye icala lexesha.
Oku kubuyela kwiincwadi ezingeyonyani kubeka uSalman Rushdie kwakhona embindini wengxoxo yoncwadi nenkcubekokokubini eYurophu nakwihlabathi liphela. Le ncwadi ayipheleli nje ekwandiseni uluhlu lwakhe lweencwadi kodwa ikwabandakanya ngqo nobomi bakhe bamva nje kunye nokungavisisani phakathi kobugcisa, unqulo, ubundlobongela, kunye nenkululeko okuye kwaphawula uninzi lomsebenzi wakhe. Kubafundi baseSpanish nabaseYurophu, ukupapashwa kwencwadi ethi Iyure yokugqibela Inika ithuba elifanelekileyo lokufunda kwakhona umsebenzi wakhe wangaphambili kwaye ubone, ngombono othile, indlela ilizwi lomnye wababhali abanempembelelo kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje eliye laguquka ngayo.