Inani le umbhali kwinkulungwane yama-21 lijongene neendlela ezithe gqolo, eziphawulwa kukuhambela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, inguqu yeshishini lopapasho, kunye noluntu oluhlengahlengisa iindlela zalo zokufunda, ukwabelana nokuxoxa ngamabali. Iindawo zokuhlanganisana ezifana nezakutshanje Umthendeleko weTsunami waseZaragoza Baqaqambisa amazwi ababhali, abahleli, kunye nabafundi ukuba bahlalutye imingeni emitsha, uloyiko, kunye namathuba avelayo kwabo bafuna ukuzenzela igama kubume boncwadi banamhlanje.
Ngesiphakamiso esinebhongo njengoko kuyimfuneko, umnyhadala uzisa etafileni iinkxalabo kunye nokulindela okujikeleze ubugcisa bokubhala namhlanje, apho ukufika ingqiqo, amaqonga edijithali kunye nokudityaniswa kwenkcubeko yehlabathi kusinyanzela ukuba siphinde sicinge nzulu ngomsebenzi.
Umnyhadala weTsunami kunye nokwakhiwa kweembono ezintsha
Kangangeentsuku ezininzi, iZaragoza ibonile ukuhlalisana phakathi kwababhali abasakhasayo, abahleli abazimeleyo kunye neearhente zoncwadi abaxoxisanayo malunga nendlela yokuziqhelanisa notshintsho oluphazamisayo kwicandelo. Inyathelo, elikhuthazwa nguJulio Espinosa kunye noChus Castejón, livela ngokuchanekileyo ekuqaphelisweni kwe inyaniso entsha ebuza uncwadi oluvela kumacandelo amaninzi.
Iiseshoni zinike indawo kwizihloko ezishushu ezifana Ilungelo lokushicilela Kwixesha ledijithali, impembelelo ye ingqiqo kwindalo yoncwadi kunye neendlela zokunxibelelana nabaphulaphuli ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezitsha kunye namaqonga. Umsitho wokuvula, okhokelwa yingcali yepropathi yengqondo uPilar Lafuente, ugxininise ukubaluleka kokuqonda isikhokelo somthetho kunye nezorhwebo esijikeleze ukupapasha namhlanje.
Inkqubo ibandakanye iingxoxo malunga ne inkangeleko yombhali wale mihla, iindibano zocweyo malunga nokuveliswa kombhalo kunye nee-algorithms ze-AI, iintlanganiso phakathi kwababhali nabahleli, kunye neencoko malunga nendlela yokukhetha imisebenzi yoncwadi kwindawo egcweleyo yokupapasha. Konke kukukhangela iimpendulo kumbuzo ojikelezayo phezu kwayo yonke itafile engqukuva: Indlela yokuba ngumbhali kwinkulungwane yama-21?
Uncwadi kunye nokuzibophelela: umzekelo kaRoberto Saviano
Indima yombhali njengo ilizwi elibalulekileyo kunye ne-arhente yotshintsho lwentlalo ibe yenye yezembe lokubonisa. Ababhali abanje URoberto Saviano Babalasele kubuchule babo bokudibanisa ubugcisa boncwadi nokugxeka, bejamelene neengozi zobuqu ekukhuseleni inyaniso. Umsebenzi wakhe wamva nje, "Grita," ujongana ne ukungxamiseka kokugcina ulwazi oluphangaleleyo ngoncwadi, isilumkiso malunga neengozi zokuxhaphaza abantu abaninzi kunye nokuwohloka kwemilinganiselo yedemokhrasi kuluntu lwanamhlanje.
Ababhali abazinikeleyo bayayigxininisa loo nto Igama liyakwazi ukulwa nobuzwilakhe kunye nolwazi olungachanangaI-Saviano iphinda ihlalutye isenzeko se iPolarization yezopolitiko nokusasazwa kobuxoki, okubonisa indlela uncwadi olunokusebenza ngayo njengokuchasa intiyo neentetho zobuzwilakhe.
Ulinge, ulwazi lokufunda kunye neendlela ezintsha zesincoko
Umbhali kunye nombhali wesincoko Eliot Weinberger imele enye yezona ndlela zinamandla namhlanje: uphendlo lwe iindlela zokulinga ukubalisa kunye nokucamngca. Izicatshulwa zakhe zakhiwe njengeekholaji zolwazi, zisuka kude kwi-subjectivism ecocekileyo kunye nokubuyisela kwakhona iindidi zakudala ezifana nesincoko. Weinberger ikhusela ukuxutywa kweefom, i ubunzima bengqondo kunye nokuphononongwa rhoqo kweembono ezintsha.
Le ndlela idibana nengcamango yokuba ulwazi lokufunda kunye nolamlo lokufunda Zibalulekile kwinkqubo yolwakhiwo lwenkcubeko. Amalinge afana neendibano zocweyo kunye neeklabhu zokufunda abethelela imo edibeneyo yokufunda kunye nokubaluleka kokwakha unxibelelwano phakathi kweencwadi kunye nabaphulaphuli abohlukeneyo, njengoko umbalisi nombhali begcina njalo. Andres Montero.
Ukutshintsha kweparadigm kuqeqesho lwabafundi nababhali kubonisa oko iindlela zobuqu inokuba ninzi, kwaye i ulamlo —enoba kuphuma ezikolweni, kumathala eencwadi, okanye kubabhali ngokwabo—kubalulekile ukugcina uthando loncwadi luphila.
Imingeni kunye namathuba oncwadi kwixesha ledijithali
Ejongene nokukhawuleza kobuchwepheshe kunye nokuvela kwamaqonga azenzekelayo, i umngeni wangoku kukufumana ibhalansi phakathi kwento ngokunyanisekileyo kwaye yintoni ezintsha. Iindibano zocweyo zoncwadi ziyaqhubeka ukuba izithuba eziphambili kutshintshiselwano lwezizukulwana kunye nokukhula koluntu loncwadi ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ivuleleke kuvavanyo.
Kwelinye icala, imithendeleko efana neTsunami Babanga ixabiso lendawo ngokuchasene neendlela zorhwebo kuphela, ukubheja kwi uhlalutyo olubalulekileyo kunye nokuba luncedo kokwenene koncwadi ukuqonda iimeko ezintsha zentlalo nenkcubeko.
El umbhali kwinkulungwane yama-21ngoko ke, kufuneka ukuziqhelanisa notshintsho oluqhubekayo: funda ukulawula i ihlabathi lopapasho langoku, sebenzisa ithuba le amathuba obukrelekrele bokwenziwa ngaphandle kokuphulukana ububunye bokuyila, kwaye ugcine uphila a ukuzibophelela ngokweenqobo ezisesikweni kunye nentlalontle Phakathi kwengxolo yemidiya kunye nokugqithiswa kolwazi, ilizwi labo babhalayo lihlala libalulekile tolika, buza kwaye uguqule inyaniso yethu ekwabelwana ngayo.
