Amazwi avela eChernobyl
Amazwi avela eChernobyl -okanye eChernobyl Molitva, ngesihloko sayo sokuqala kwisiRashiya-yisicatshulwa se-collage esibhalwe yintatheli yaseBelarusian, umbhali, kunye nophumelele uMvuzo weNobel kuNcwadi uSvetlana Aleksievich. Umsebenzi wapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1997 yindlu yokushicilela yaseOstozhye. Ngo-2006, yaguqulelwa yaza yahlelwa ngeSpanish yiDebate.
Le yenye yeencwadi ezimbalwa zombhali ezaguqulelwa kwiSpanish ngaphambi kokuba aphumelele iBhaso leNobel ngo-2015.. Ngaphambili, ngo-2005, Amazwi avela eChernobyl Yawongwa ngembasa yeNational Book Critics Circle Award eUnited States ngeyona ncwadi igqwesileyo yencwadi engeyonyani yohlelo lwesiNgesi lomsebenzi.
Isishwankathelo se Amazwi avela eChernobyl
Ingxelo yekamva
USvetlana Aleksievich wabhala isicatshulwa esichazwe ngamazwi amaninzi. Ingxelo yombhali yolohlobo olungenakuchazwa, kuba ludibanisa ingxelo, udliwano-ndlebe, nentelekelelo kunye nenyani ukulungelelanisa imeko esinye sezona ziganeko ziyintlekele kwimbali yoluntu: intlekele yaseChernobyl. Kuninzi okuye kwathethwa ngayo, ingakumbi zizazinzulu.
Abezopolitiko nabo benza okufanayo ngelo xesha, kodwa intetho yangaphambili malunga neeequations kunye namanani, kwaye le yokugqibela iphinda amabinzana asele eyilwe ngaphambili ukuzolalisa amanzi, ukugubungela ngomnwe ububi obuvezwa ngalo naluphi na usuku kwisityalo. umzi-mveliso wamandla ePripyat, eUkraine. Svetlana U-Aleksievich ubalisa amava abasindileyo, iintsapho zabo kunye nabahlobo.
NgoAprili 26, 1986, kwingingqi yasePripyat, eSoviet Ukraine
Ngaloo mini kwenzeka into eyayiza kuphawula ikhondo lokhuphiswano lwenyukliya ehlabathini. Nangona amazwe amaninzi ayekude noloyiko olwalukho ePripyat, umhlaba wonke waluma izikhonkwane ngenxa yoloyiko kunye nemiphumo emibi efunyanwa ngamaxhoba. Amazwi avela eChernobyl Ayiyonoveli ethetha ngento ebibaliswe izihlandlo eziliwaka, koko kukuphinda kuchazwe ngamava.
Encwadini yakhe, umbhali uhlanganisa iindaba, izicatshulwa zeendaba, iingxelo kunye nophando oluzama ukucacisa okwenzeka ngo-Aprili 26, 1986, ngo-1: 23'58. Ngelo xesha, Uthotho lweziqhushumbisi lwatshabalalisa ireactor, nto leyo neengcali ezingazange ziyilungiselele. Intlekele enjengaleyo yayingenakwenzeka, okanye ngoko babexelelwe.
Amazwi amashwa
Ukususela kumaphepha okuqala, kuyabonakala ukuba le ntlekele iza kuxelwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo, nesondele ngakumbi. Oku kukuhlanganiswa kobungqina obunikwe ngabantu ababandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kwiziganeko ezenzeka ePripyat. Kolu xwebhu kukho izityholo zabantwana, amafama, abezopolitiko, oosonzululwazi, oomama basemakhaya namajoni.
Ngabo, uSvetlana U-Aleksievich wenza kucace ukuba ubungqina ngamnye bufanelekile. Amazwi avela eChernobyl Inokuba yincwadi enzima nenzima ukuyifunda, kuba amabali ayo ekwazi ukwenza eyona ndlela inamandla yokurhoxa. Abafundi abaninzi baye bathi kwakunzima ngabo ukugqiba ukuwonwabela lo msebenzi, kungekhona ngenxa yokuba wawungafanelekanga, kodwa ngenxa yokuba umxholo wawo ubuhlungu ngokupheleleyo.
Uhlobo olunomdla lokuhlekisa okumnyama
Ngamanye amaxesha, xa iintlungu zilawula entliziyweni ixesha elide, kulula ukubhenela kwi-rony kunye nokuphoxa. Oku kwenzeka kanye kwimeko yabalinganiswa abathile kwi Amazwi avela eChernobyl, obonisa uburharha obubukhali obumnyama obunokukwenza uhleke kwaye ukhale ngokulinganayo. Ngaphandle koko, Ngolu fundo luyakwazi ukufunda malunga nefuthe lemitha.
Eminye imiba yolwazi ye Amazwi avela eChernobyl Banento yokwenza nenkcubeko yePripyat ngokwayo, kunye nezithethe kunye neenkolelo zayo. Izinto ngokwazo isixelela ngendlela ubomi babunjani kwesi sixeko saseUkraine ngaphambi, ebudeni nasemva kwaloo ntlekele. Ngokukwanjalo, kukho iimbekiselo ezicacileyo kwintanda-bulumko yokufa kunye nokukwazi komntu ukuziqhelanisa nokuxhathisa.
Amandla othando
Kusenokubonakala kungafanelekanga ukuthetha ngothando kwindawo ezaliswe yintshabalalo, kodwa kanye kungenxa yentlungu ebangela ukuba le mvakalelo iphakame ngamandla amakhulu. Olu thando lutyhilwa ngeendlela ezininzi, njengoko kunokubonwa kulwalamano lukamama nomntwana wakhe, abasandul’ ukutshata okanye umfama nomhlaba wakhe.
Kuyabonakala ukuba Amazwi avela eChernobyl Ixela intlekele, kodwa ikwenza oko ngeedosi eziyimfuneko zobuntu, uthando, ithemba kunye noburharha. Ibali lineenkcukacha malunga neendawo zokuvalelwa, iziphumo zemitha, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezinomdla nezothusayo malunga nempahla, izixhobo, kunye nezixhobo zophando ezisetyenziswa kulo mzi-mveliso.
Malunga nombhali
Svetlana Aleksandrovna Aleksievich Wazalwa ngoMeyi 31, 1948, kwidolophu yaseStanislav—ngoku eyiIvano-Frankivsk—kwilizwe laseUkraine lobusoshiyali. Kamva, wakhulela kwiRiphabhliki yobusoshiyali Belarus. Umbhali wafunda iJournalism kwiYunivesithi yaseMinsk ukususela ngo-1967. Emva kokuphumelela, waya kwisixeko saseBiaroza, kwiphondo okanye kwiphondo laseBrest.
Apho wasebenza njengelungu lephephandaba. Uye wasebenzisana kwizikolo ezininzi zasekhaya njengoMbali kunye notitshala waseJamani. Kangangexesha elininzi wayexoxa ngokufuna ukufundisa, ubizo lwabazali bakhe, okanye ubuntatheli, umsebenzi awukhethileyo. Ekugqibeleni, waqala njengentatheli kumaphephandaba eNarowla, kwiOblast yaseGomel.
Nangona kunjalo, Ukuphefumlelwa koncwadi kwavela ngaphambili kakhulu, kwiintsuku zakhe zasesikolweni, apho wayedla ngokubhala imibongo namanqaku emagazini yezifundo.. Ngelo xesha naye wayesebenzisana naye Neman yaseMinsk, apho wakwazi ukupapasha imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala, apho kukho amabali, iingxelo kunye namabali amafutshane.
Ezinye iincwadi zikaSvetlana Aleksievich
- У войны не женское лицо — Imfazwe ayinabuso bomfazi (1985);
- Ukuthunyelwa kweevidiyo (akunjalo - Amangqina okugqibela. Abantwana beMfazwe Yehlabathi II (1985);
- Цинковые мальики - Amakhwenkwe ezinc. Amazwi aseSoviet avela kwiMfazwe yase-Afghanistan (1989);
- Зачарованные смертью - Uthabathekile kukufa (1994);
- Isekeni - Ukuphela kwe "Homo sovieticus""(2013).