Ibali leentsomi lezenzululwazi likhule ngokukhawuleza njengoko inkulungwane yamashumi amabini iqhubela phambili kumashumi eminyaka. Kodwa yavela ngaphambili kakhulu. Abanye bathi UFrankenstein okanye iPrometheus yanamhlanje nguMary Shelley yayiyeyokuqala kuzo zonke ezi noveli namhlanje zinika umdla abatsha nabadala. Kodwa oku kutsalwa yintsomi yesayensi, njengoko sisitsho, kuvela emva.
Namhlanje, amabali angeyonyani nawo akwinzululwazi asaqhubeka eyilwa, njengalawo avunyiweyo Ibali lesicakakazi, yaqulunqwa nguMargaret Atwood. Nangona ngokungqongqo isini sidinga isayensi, into eyinyani kwaye iyaphikiswa, edityaniswe neendlela ezingeyonyani. Ngamanye amazwi, ulwazi lwezenzululwazi luyanda enkosi kubuntsomi. Nangona i-dystopias ezininzi zikonwabela ukuba yinxalenye yolu hlobo. Ngapha koko, kuhlala kunzima ukuthetha ngeenoveli zohlobo apho kuninzi kwaye kulunge kakhulu. Ngoko ke, makhe sibone eminye imizekelo yeenoveli zenzululwazi.
iinoveli zenzululwazi
UMary Shelley wayenokuba ngoyena vulindlela omkhulu wenzululwazi yeentsomi; kunye nomnye umfazi, U-Ursula K. Le Guin wayephethe ukunika isidima soncwadi kwiintsomi zenzululwazi zanamhlanje.. Ke kukho ababhali ababalulekileyo beklasikhi, abanjengoIsaac Asimov, uRay Bradbury, uAldous Huxley, uGeorge Orwell, uStanislaw Lem, uHG Wells okanye uPhilip K. Dick, abaphuhlise umsebenzi wabo ngexesha boom intsomi yenzululwazi embindini wenkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
Ngabo bonke kukho umxube obonisa uhlobo. Ngoba Uninzi lwemisebenzi emikhulu yaba babhali ziidystopias ezithi ngobukrelekrele bengqondo zicinge iimbono eziphazamisayo zekamva.. Kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu luncedo olukhulu ke ukwazisa izinto zombane kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji. Eminye imisebenzi yakhiwe kwindawo emnyama nengenasiphelo, indawo apho ingqondo yethu ihamba khona xa sicinga ngohlobo. Nkqu nentelekelelo nentsomi yenzululwazi nazo ziyahamba kunye.
Ngoko ke, Intelekelelo kunye nemvelaphi kwintsomi yenzululwazi ayinakuphikiswa, amathuba abanzi kakhulu. Kwaye oku, kunye nezicwangciso zokubonwayo apho amabali aziqhelanisa kakuhle, kukhokelele ekuvelisweni kwentaphane yohlengahlengiso lwefilimu, abathi ngendlela yabo bayayazi indlela yokungcwalisa uhlobo nakwiqonga le-audiovisual (nangona ngamanye amaxesha nokunye okuninzi. okanye impumelelo encinci). ).
Ngendlela efanayo akukho mntu uthandabuzayo ukubaluleka kwesini kuphuhliso lwenkcubeko kunye nokuchazwa koncwadi. Ukongeza, baninzi ababhali abatsha abakhuthazwayo ukuba benze amabali angeyonyani enzululwazi asinceda siliqonde ngcono eli hlabathi.
Ngokunjalo, olu hlobo, ukongeza ekuqondeni uluntu lwethu kunye nokusenza siqonde into esingqongileyo, lusilumkisa ngeengozi esele zilapha. Kwakhona kusinceda siphuphe size siqhubeke sikholelwa ukuba ezinye izinto zokwenene zinokwenzeka ngokwenene. Intsomi yenzululwazi iqulunqwe ngokuvisisana ngokugqibeleleyo nentelekelelo kunye noko kunokukholeleka ngokugqibeleleyo. Okanye ngaba besiya kukholelwa kumakhulu eminyaka, okanye kwanamashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo, ukuba ii-smartphones, iimoto zombane, okanye uhambo lwasesibhakabhakeni lunokuba yinyani kwaye luyinxalenye yeli hlabathi? Ukuba ebesixelele, oko bekuya kubonakala ngathi yintsomi yenzululwazi.
IiNoveli zeNzululwazi yeNzululwazi: Ezinye izihloko eziphawulekayo
Ihlabathi Elitsha Elinobukroti (1932)
Enye yeencwadi ezinkulu zobuvulindlela zenkulungwane edlulileyo. Ibhalwe ngu-Aldous Huxley osinika indawo yokulala, phantse eyothusayo imbono yabantu abaphulukene nobuntu babo kule dystopia. Ngokuba abantu, ngaphezu kokuba bakhawulwe kwiityhubhu zovavanyo, bahlelwa ukusuka ngaphambi kokuzalwa ukuba babe nesikhundla kuluntu. Ngandlel’ ithile ingxaki yenkululeko iyapheliswa, makwenziwe ntoni ngayo? Yintoni okanye phi ekufuneka silathisele kuyo ubomi bethu? Ekugqibeleni wonke umntu unomsebenzi kwisikali sentlalo. Kule nkqubo wonk’ ubani wonwabile yaye akukho mntu ukhe acinge ngokuvukela..
1984 (1949)
1984 yinoveli kaGeorge Orwell ephakamisa enye inkqubo yobuzwilakhe apho onke amanyathelo kunye nezenzo zabemi zijongwa ngalo lonke ixesha, nakumagumbi abo. Akukho ndawo yayo nayiphi na intshukumo ethathwa njengengekho sesikweni; umsebenzi, ubudlelwane kunye nengcinga zilawulwa phantsi kweliso lentsimbi Big Brother. 1984 Ngokungathandabuzekiyo yenye yezona noveli ezinamandla neziphawulekayo zenkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
Martian Chronicles (1950)
URay Bradbury ngomnye wababhali abaphambili beentsomi zenzululwazi; Ubhale amabali, imibhalo yefilimu, iinoveli kunye nemidlalo. IziKronike zikaMartian Iqulunqwe ngothotho lwamabali abalisa ubukoloniyali beplanethi iMars ngobuntu.. Oku kufuneka kushiye uMhlaba kwaye kujonge ukuguqula iplanethi entsha ibe yikopi echanekileyo yoko bakushiye kwiplanethi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwamakholoni kunye namaMartians buboniswa njengophononongo lwento esele yenzeka kwiplanethi yethu kangangeenkulungwane kunye noloyiso kunye nokuhlasela. Amanye amabali amangalisayo ashukumiseleka ekucamngceni.
Iifahrenheit 451 (1953)
Eyona noveli idumileyo kaRay Bradbury. Abaninzi baya kuba sele besazi ukuba isihloko sayo sibangelwa kukuba kweli qondo lobushushu iphepha liyatsha. Kwaye lo mbandela uyavutha. Eli libali likaGuy Montag, umcimi-mlilo apho abaqeqeshi behlabathi kwintsimi yabo bazinikele ekuqaliseni umlilo, kungekhona ukucima. Umsebenzi wakhe kukutshisa iincwadi, kuba ezi zinto zibangela ukubandezeleka kuphela ngeengcamango eziquletheyo.. Ukufunda akuvumelekanga kwaye sisenzo sobhukuqo sokwenyani ukugcina iincwadi ekhaya. Le yincwadi ekufuneka ifundwe kwakhona ngalo lonke ixesha.
2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
Umsebenzi ka-Arthur C. Clarke mhlawumbi waziwa kakhulu ngemuvi ekhokelwa nguStanley Kubrick. Nangona kunjalo, le yenye yezo ncwadi ziye zahlahl’ indlela yombuzo owaziwayo: ngaba sisodwa kwindalo iphela? Imalunga nohambo lwasemajukujukwini ekulangazeleleni kwabantu ukufumana iimpendulo.. Libali elintsonkothileyo apho ixesha kunye nendawo zichaswa, apho imibuzo emikhulu ekhoyo ingabantu abalinganiswa. Kwelinye icala, kukwafanelekile ukuthetha ukuba umbhali ube negalelo elikhulu kwifilimu kaKubrick.
Isandla sasekhohlo sobumnyama (1969)
Yinoveli emangalisayo ngokubhala u-Ursula K. Le Guin ukuba iye yaqinisekisa ukuba intsomi yenzululwazi luhlobo elufaneleyo noluhlonitshwayo. Umbhali udale ilizwe elibizwa ngokuba yiGeden apho abahlali balo bengenalo isini esisisigxina okanye isini esichaziweyo, bane-androgynous kwaye banebhayoloji eguqukayo kuxhomekeke kwixesha lenyanga abayiyo. Inoveli ekwaziyo ukwaphula zonke ii-taboos.
Umda oMnyama (2020)
Umvuzo Minotaur 2020, umda omnyama ibeka inqaku elitsha kolu luhlu, olubonisa ukuba uhlobo olunamandla nolusemgangathweni lusaphila kunangaphambili. Inoveli kaSabino Cabeza isisa kweyona ndawo imnyama nekude kakhulu. Uluntu luye lwasasazeka kwiiplanethi ezingamawaka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umngxuma omnyama uvele ngexesha elifanayo njengenqanawa engaqondakaliyo, emaphethelweni aloo mngxuma. Ukapteni ogama linguFlorence Schiaparelli kufuneka enze isigqibo phakathi kokugcina abasebenzi baloo nqanawa okanye ukuqhubela phambili kufundo lomngxuma. Le noveli yalatha yonke inkalo yentsomi yemveli yenzululwazi yendawo..
