Imibongo kaFrancisco de Quevedo

UFrancisco de Quevedo wayesisidwangube saseSpain esidumileyo, umbhali, umbhali wemidlalo yeqonga, imbongi kunye nezopolitiko kwiGolden Age kunye nomfundisi uLuis de Góngora-aye wagcina ubutshaba ubomi bakhe bonke-uthathwa njengelinye lawona manqaku abalulekileyo oncwadi olwenziweyo. Umhlaba weSpanishi. Ukongeza kuhlobo lweengoma, umbhali ungene ngempumelelo kwibali kunye nethiyetha.

I-Quevedo nayo yenza igalelo elikhulu kwimimandla efana neNfilosofi kunye neetekisi ezihlekisayo. Kwelinye icala, wafumana izihloko ze-knight ye-Order yaseSantiago ukusuka kwi-1618 kunye nenkosi yaseTorre de Juan Abad ukusuka kwi-1620, eyamenza ukuba ahlonitshwe ngakumbi ngabantu belizwe lakhe. Kweli nqaku siza kujongana nobomi bombhali, kunye nokubaluleka komsebenzi wakhe.

Ibhayografi emfutshane

Iminyaka yokuqala

UFrancisco Gómez de Quevedo Villegas y Santibáñez Cevallos wazalwa ngoSeptemba 14, 1580 eMadrid. Wakhulela kwintsapho yezidwangube evela kwidolophana yaseVejorís, kwiintaba zaseCantabria.. Ukususela emncinci kakhulu wayeneengxaki zonyango, ezifana nokuqhwala kunye ne-myopia enzima. Njengoko abazali bakhe kunye nabakhathaleli bakhe babenezikhundla eziphezulu kwiBhotwe, kwaye abanye abantwana babemkhathaza, uFrancisco oselula wazinikela ekufundeni.

Kwakhona kwasebuncinaneni bakhe kwafuneka ajamelane nokufa. Owokuqala waphuma nguyise, elandelwa ngumntakwabo. Ubukrelekrele bexesha elidlulileyo, UQuevedo wathunyelwa ukuba aye kufunda kwindawo eyayibizwa ngokuba yiColegio de San Pedro ngelo xesha. kunye noPawulos oNgcwele. Apho wafunda iilwimi zamandulo kumaJesuit, kunye nesiFrentshi, isiTaliyane, intanda-bulumko, ifiziksi, imathematika kunye nezakwalizwi—ezokugqibela kwiYunivesithi yaseAlcalá.

Inqanaba leYunivesithi kunye nokuqala kwesithixo

Phakathi kwe-1601 kunye ne-1605 wafunda kwiYunivesithi yaseValladolid, apho badibana khona. imibongo yakhe yokuqala, eyayixelisa—eneneni, yahlekisa—leyo yotshaba lwakhe uLuis de Góngora.. Into ebangel’ umdla kukuba olu lwalamano lungathandekiyo lwaqhubeka de kwafa le ndoda yaseCórdoba, yaye akwaziwa ukuba, enyanisweni, umlo waqala ngombongo owawungabhalwanga kwauQuevedo, kodwa ngumkhohlisi.

Yiba njalo, Iingxabano zabo zemibongo zandisa udumo lwabo bobabini, ukufumana abalandeli kunye nabachasi kwimisebenzi yabo eyahlukeneyo. Ngokucacileyo, upapasho lokuqala lukaQuevedo lwenzeka ngo-1605, xa iingoma zakhe ezilishumi elinesibhozo zavela kumqulu othiwa. Iintyatyambo zeembongi ezibalaseleyo. Ukususela ngoko, ilifa lakhe landa kuphela de wafa ngo-1645.

Iincwadi zikaFrancisco de Quevedo

Ngenxa yeempikiswano kunye nokuhlolwa kwexesha, ezininzi ze imisebenzi kaFrancisco de Quevedo zapapashwa emva kokufa okanye phantsi kwamanye amagama. Ke ngoko, izihloko kunye nemihla ethiwe thaca apha ngezantsi inokwahluka kancinane ngokuxhomekeke kuhlelo nakwizifundo zale mihla zabafundi.

Imibongo

• Inxalenye yokuqala yeentyatyambo zeembongi ezidumileyo zaseSpain (1605);
• Iculo lika-Antequera kunye neNcwadi yeeNgoma (1628);
• I-Parnassus yaseSpain, intaba eyahlulwe yaba ziincopho ezimbini, ezineMuses ezilithoba (1648);
• IiMuses ezintathu zokugqibela zeCastilian. Ingqungquthela yesibini yeParnassus yaseSpain… (1670);
• Iinyembezi zowohlwayayo (1670).

Iprose

Amaphupha neentetho (1606-1623)

• Iphupha loMgwebo wokugqibela;
• Idemoni sheriff;
• Iphupha lesihogo;
• Umhlaba ngaphakathi;
• Iphupha Lokufa.

Iingcamango zokuziphatha

• Intetho yazo zonke iidemon okanye isihogo esilungisiweyo (1628);
• Ixesha lomntu wonke kunye neThamsanqa ngeengqondo.

abanye

• Intetho yazo zonke iidemon okanye isihogo esilungisiweyo (1628);
• Imbali yobomi bukaBuscón ebizwa ngokuba nguDon Pablos; umzekelo wabazula-zula kunye nesipili se-stingy (1626).

Imisebenzi yomthendeleko

I-Bureocratic satires

• I-Prematic kunye neerhafu, ezenziwe ngabathembekileyo kumahenyukazi;
• Iingcebiso zokugcina impukane kwaye uchithe iprozi;
• Ixesha elingaphambi kwexesha;
• Izivumelwano zomtshato;
• Iingxelo zobomi beNkundla.
• Iileta ezivela kwi-Knight of the Pincer (1625);
• Incwadi yezinto zonke kunye nezinye ezininzi;
• Ihlanganiswe ngabafundileyo nabanamava kuyo yonke imiba;
• Okuphela komfundisi-ntsapho ombi;
• Ijolise kumdla wabantu abaxakekileyo, isihlwele sabantu abathethayo, kunye nokukroba kwamaxhegwazana.;
• Enkosi kunye namashwa ukusuka kwiso leesile. Incwadana yeJocular malunga nolonwabo kunye nezigulo ezinxulumene nelungu elinjalo.

Ithiyetha

Uhlobo

• Ifanele ukuba ngasese.

Amahashe d'oeuvres

• UBarbara;
• Diego Moreno;
• IMuñatones endala;
• Ndiyabacaphukisa;
• Intengiso;
• Ubuchule;
• I-Madrid Moth;
• Umyeni womoya;
• UMarion;
• I-Knight yePincer;
• Inkwenkwe kunye noPeralvillo baseMadrid;
• Iimpahla ezindala;
• Iintetho zexhego elinomona.

Imisebenzi yezopolitiko

• ISpeyin yakhusela (1609);
• Ipolisi kaThixo (1617);
• Ihlabathi eliphelelwe lixesha kunye nokuhlaselwa kweminyaka (1621);
• Ezinkulu iintsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu (1621);
• Isikhumbuzo sokuxhaswa kweSantiago (1627);
• I-lynx yase-Itali kunye ne-dowser yaseSpain (1628);
• I-chiton ye-stonechats (1630);
• Ukubulawa nxamnye namaYuda (1633);
• Ileta eya kulowo upholileyo, mde kakhulu kwaye unamandla kakhulu uLouis XIII, ukumkani ongumKristu waseFransi (1635);
• Isishwankathelo esifutshane seenkonzo zikaFrancisco Gómez de Sandoval, uDuke waseLerma (1636);
• Ubomi bukaMarcus Brutus (1644).

Malunga nemibongo kaFrancisco de Quevedo

Okumangalisayo kukuba, uninzi lwemveliso yeembongo zikaDon Francisco zihlekisa. Nangona kunjalo, u-Abbe José Marchena waxoxa ukuba i-satires yakhe yayingajoliswanga kakuhle. Nangona umbhali wayebazi kakuhle oonobangela bokwenyani bokudodobala kwezentlalo, kuye ukugxeka kwakubaluleke ngakumbi kunayo nayiphi na enye into.

Endaweni yokuba abonise isityholo sakhe kwizidwangube, ukwenza oko ngokuchasene nabantu abaphantsi. Oku kuchasene noko kwadalwa, umzekelo, nguTassis y Peralta, isibalo sesibini sikaVillamediana, owayengomnye u-satirist omkhulu welo xesha. Lo mxholo usebenza ukuqonda imvelaphi yengqiqo ye-baroque kaQuevedo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhe kwamanani obuciko kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-amphibology.

Imibongo egqwesileyo kaFrancisco de Quevedo

"Uthando olungapheliyo ngaphandle kokufa"

Vala amehlo am okokugqibela

ithunzi eliya kundithabatha imini emhlophe;

kwaye ungawukhulula lo mphefumlo wam

ixesha lokulangazelela ukuxhalaba kwakhe ukukhohlisa;

kodwa hayi ukusuka kwelinye icala ebhankini

iya kushiya inkumbulo, apho itshise khona.

ukuqubha kuyalazi ilangatye lam amanzi abandayo,

Kwaye ulahlekelwe yintlonipho ngomthetho onzima.

Umphefumlo kuye yonke intolongo uThixo abe kuyo,

Iimvumba ezihlekisayo kumlilo omninzi zinike,

amabhastile atshise ngobuqaqawuli,

umzimba wakho uya kushiya, hayi inkathalo yakho;

baya kuba luthuthu, kodwa baya kwazi;

baya kuba luthuli, nothuli ngakumbi eluthandweni.

uhlalutyo olufutshane

"Uthando olungapheliyo ngaphandle kokufa" Yingoma yothando ethi, njengemibhalo emininzi kaQuevedo, ikwabonisa ukungafi komphefumlo. kunye nothando. Ubume bayo buqulunqwe ngeendinyana ezili-14 ze-hendecasyllabic ezisasazwe kwiiquartet ezimbini kunye neetercets ezimbini ezinemvano-siphelo ye-consonant. Njengemithombo, usebenzisa isikweko, isichasi, isimntwiso, i-hyperbaton kunye ne-paradox.

"Kumfazi onamehlo kunye nomhle"

Ukuba bajonge kwindawo enye kuphela

amehlo akho, akayi kutsha ndawoni na?

Kwaye ukuba abazange bajonge kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo,

Ukutshona kwelanga okanye iMpuma kuya kuba ngumkhenkce.

Ukujonga i-clubbing kunye nesandla sasekhohlo lulwaphulo-mthetho;

izibane zakho zasekhohlo ziyakuxela;

ngenxa yokuba basitolile ngenkohliso

ukukhanya okuthakazelisayo, okumnandi kunye nomlilo.

Into abangajongi ngayo bayayibona, kwaye bangamaxhoba

ezabo kubo bonke abazibonayo, noloyiso lwabo

Inika umphefumlo imivuzo emininzi njengoko iwunika umsindo.

Nguwuphi umthetho, ke, onokushukumisa igqwetha elibi

ngokuba, omabini amehlo ngabalawuli,

bazibiza ngokuba ziimbonakalo?

uhlalutyo olufutshane

Lo mbongo uqulunqwe ziiquatrains ezintathu kunye ne couplet yokugqibela, elandela ulwakhiwo lwesonethi yesintu. Ezi vesi ziihendecasyllables ezinemvano-siphelo yeqabane. Ukuthetha ngamandla enkangeleko, umbhali usebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne-paradox kunye nokuphikisana. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha elifanayo, kwaye ngokukrakra okukhulu, kugxininise kuhlobo lokugxeka uluntu kunye nefuthe lobuhle othandweni.

"Ndajonga iindonga zelizwe lam"

Ndakhangela ezindongeni zelizwe lam,

ukuba ixesha elinamandla, sele lidumbile,

ukusuka kugqatso lwexesha elidiniweyo,

kuba isibindi sakhe siyaphela.

Phuma uye entsimini; Ndabona ukuba ilanga liyasela

imijelo yomkhenkce yavuthululwa,

nakwiinkomo ezisezintabeni,

ukuba ukukhanya kwawo kube ngamathunzi emini.

Ndangena endlwini yam; Ndayibona le nto,

kwigumbi elidala yayingamaxhoba;

abasebenzi bam, bagobe ngakumbi kwaye bomelele kancinci.

Ukoyiswa bubudala ndeva ikrele lam,

kwaye andizange ndifumane nto yokubeka amehlo am kuyo

ukuba yayingeyiyo inkumbulo yokufa.

uhlalutyo olufutshane

Lo mbongo kaQuevedo unesakhiwo esifanayo nesesibini sangaphambili. Umahluko wenene apha ulele Umsonto wethematic, owenziwe ngezinto ezinjengokulangazelela ilizwe elilahlekileyo okanye elinamathambo. Ngelixa ethetha ngokuncipha ngokubanzi kunye nokudityaniswayo, umbhali ubiza ubume bomjikelo wobomi kunye nokubakho kwindawo yonke yokufa ngezinye zezixhobo zakhe azithandayo zokuthetha (isikweko, i-hyperbaton, isimntwiso ...).

"Ibiliphupha izolo"

Ibiliphupha izolo, ngomso iya kuba ngumhlaba.

Kungekudala ngaphambi kwanto, kwaye kungekudala emva komsi!

Kwaye iinjongo zekamva, kwaye ndiyaqonda

khomba nje ucingo olundivalelayo!

Umlo omfutshane wemfazwe yokungenisa elizweni,

Ukuzikhusela kwam, ndiyingozi enkulu,

kwaye ngelixa ndizitya ngezixhobo zam,

Kancinci umzimba ondingcwabayo undamkela.

Akusekho izolo, ngomso awukafiki;

Namhlanje iyenzeka kwaye ikho kwaye ibikho, ngokuhamba

oko kundikhokelela ekufeni.

Amagaba lixesha nomzuzu

ukuba kwintlawulo yentlungu yam kunye nokhathalelo lwam

bemba kwindawo yam yokuphila kwesikhumbuzo sam.

uhlalutyo olufutshane

Ukulandela isakhiwo esifanayo esikhankanywe ngaphambili, umbhali uqalisa ukucamngca ngexesha elifutshane umntu avunyelwe ukuba abe ngalo emhlabeni. Ngokufanayo, idala isafobe esicacileyo malunga nokungabalulekanga komntu ebusweni bendalo yonke kunye nobomi njengomzabalazo ongenamsebenzi: umzekelo ongathandekiyo onokunxulumana nentsomi kaSisyphus.