Isincoko ngobumfama: UJosé Saramago

Isincoko ngobumfama

Isincoko ngobumfama

Isincoko ngobumfama -okanye Isincoko ngobumfama, ngesihloko sayo santlandlolo ngesiPhuthukezi, yinoveli eyincwadi ebhalwe nguJosé Saramago ngeBhaso leNobel kuLuncwadi. Umsebenzi wapapashwa okokuqala ngqa ngowe-1995. Kancinane kamva, yaguqulelwa kwisiSpanish nguBasilio Losada yaza yathengiswa yindlu yopapasho yaseSantillana kubantu abathetha iSpanish.

Umbhali wayo wayichaza ngolu hlobo "inoveli eyabamba, yagxeka kwaye yatyhila uluntu olubolileyo nolungekhoyo." Kwangaxeshanye, abahlalutyi kunye noluntu olufundayo baye bawavuma la mazwi, benika umsebenzi impumelelo kangangokuba uhlengahlengiso lwefilimu lwenziwe lwayalelwa nguFernando Meirelles, owayibiza ngokuba. Ukuphuphat Ngaboni.

Isishwankathelo se Isincoko ngobumfama

Ukuqala kwehlabathi kwisiphithiphithi

Ibali liqala xa, ngequbuliso, indoda ekwitrafikhi iba yimfama ngaphandle kwesizathu. Esi siganeko silandelwa luthotho lweemeko ezifanayo, zisasazeka njengobhubhane. Ubumfama obuchaphazela amaxhoba buchazwa “njengobumhlophe obuqaqambileyo,” ngokuchasene nobumnyama ngokwesiko obunxulunyaniswa nokulahleka kombono.

Obu "bubi bumhlophe" kungekudala bube sisibetho, esifaka uluntu kwisiphithiphithi. Urhulumente, engakwazi ukulawula le meko, uthatha isigqibo sokuvalela abokuqala abosulelekileyo kwindawo yokukhosela yakudala., phantsi kokuvalelwa ngokungqongqo. Kulo mmandla unentiyo, abagulayo kufuneka balwele ukuphila kwabo ngelixa intlalontle iwa ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuthengisa Isincoko ngobumfama...

Ubukho benenekazi elingummangaliso

Inyani enomdla malunga Isincoko ngobumfama Yindlela apho uSaramago athatha isigqibo sokubonisa abalinganiswa bakhe. Isizathu kukuba umfundi akawazi amagama abo nangaliphi na ixesha, ekubeni abantu babhekiswa kuphela ngee-epithets ezichaza iimpawu zabo eziphawulekayo, njengokuthi "umfazi ophethe iiglasi ezimnyama" kunye "nomntwana we-strabismic." Oku kuyaphindwa kunye nomntu ngamnye.

Phakathi kwabadlali, igxininisa umlinganiswa ophambili: "umfazi kagqirha", othi, ngokungaqondakaliyo, agcine amehlo akhe, kodwa akhethe ukungayityhili imfihlo yakhe.. Kungamehlo abo athi umfundi abone inkohlakalo, uloyiko, nokulahleka koluntu kwabo bavalelweyo.

Imixholo esembindini yomsebenzi

ubumfama bokwezekeliso

Ngaphaya kobumfama benyama obuxhatshazwa ngabalinganiswa, USaramago uphonononga umbono wokuziphatha kunye nobumfama bentlalo. Ukungakwazi ukubona nokuqonda omnye, ukuqonda ubuntu bethu kwabanye, yenye yemisonto esisikhokelo yenoveli.

Ubhubhani sisipili sokusilela kwisimilo kunye nokuqhawuka konxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu. Ngokunikwa oku, umbhali ushiya imikhondo ngamanye amabinzana aneempawu zomthamo, anjengala: “Ndiyakholwa ukuba asizizo iimfama, ndiyakholwa ukuba siziimfama, siziimfama ezibonayo, ezithi, zibona, zingaboni.

Ukuqhekeka kwentlalo

Njengoko isicwangciso siqhubela phambili, ubumfama bubangela ukuwa kwamaziko kunye nesakhiwo soluntu. Ngaphandle kwemithetho eqhelekileyo elawula intsebenziswano yabantu, kuvela isiphithiphithi. Ke, le noveli iphakamisa umbuzo wokuba umncinci kangakanani umgca phakathi kwempucuko kunye nebarbarism.

Amandla kunye nokungabi namandla

Kwi-asylum, abalinganiswa bajongene nomzabalazo wamandla rhoqo. Iimpawu zokuqala zobumfama azipheleli nje ekungaboni kakuhle. kodwa ukulahlekelwa kolawulo, zombini kwinqanaba lomntu kunye neqela. Umbhali uyathandabuza ukusebenza kwamandla, ngelixa ebonisa indlela abantu, xa behluthwa isidima sabo, bawela ekuphelelweni lithemba.

Isimbo esibalisayo somsebenzi

USaramago usebenzisa isitayile esahlukileyo esinokuba ngumngeni kumfundi. Izivakalisi zinde kwaye azinazo iziphumlisi zakwantu, kuncinci ukusetyenziswa kweekoma kunye namaxesha. Ukwengeza, Incoko yababini idityaniswe ekuhambeni kwengxelo, ngaphandle kwamaqhagamshelo okanye izicaphulo, eyenza imvakalelo yokucinga okuqhubekayo.

Olu hlobo lubonisa, ngokuyinxenye, isiphithiphithi kunye nokubhideka abalinganiswa abadlula kuso, kunyanzelwa ukuba umfundi athathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ekutolikeni isicatshulwa.. Kwangaxeshanye, isidingo sokuphepha ukubiza abalinganiswa kudala ithoni egqibeleleyo ukuze iimpawu zabo zomzimba zibonakale. Oku kuyahlekisa, kuba kweli bali phantse wonke umntu uyimfama.

Ukubonakaliswa kwefilosofi ye Isincoko ngobumfama

Isincoko ngobumfama Yintekelelo enzulu malunga nokuba sesichengeni kwemeko yomntu. Ngale meko, USaramago ubhenca ubuthathaka bezithethe kunye nexabiso lokuhlala kunye. Ngale ndlela, le noveli iphonononga ukuba, phambi koloyiko kunye nesiphithiphithi, abantu banokuba nakho ukwenza izenzo zenkohlakalo egqithisileyo, kodwa kunye novelwano nokuzincama.

Embindini wayo, le ncwadi kukucamngca ngobume bobuntu kunye nokukwazi kwethu ukuhlalisana eluntwini. Emngxunyeni, USaramago umema umfundi ukuba acinge ngeengozi zokungakhathali kunye nokwahlukaniswa kwihlabathi eliya lisanda.. Phezu kwako nje ubudala balo msebenzi, isigidimi sawo sinempembelelo kubunyaniso bomntu wanamhlanje.

Sobre el autor

UJosé de Sousa Saramago owazalwa ngoNovemba 16, 1922, kwicawa yesiPhuthukezi yase-Azinhaga, umasipala waseGolega kumbindi wesithili saseRibatejo. Umbhali wakhulela kwintsapho enengeniso ephantsi, ngoko abazali bakhe abazange bakwazi ukuhlawula izifundo zakhe. Oku kwamkhokelela ekubeni asebenze iminyaka emibini kwivenkile yeentsimbi.

Noko ke, uSaramago wayesoloko ethanda uncwadi. Umbhali wabonisa uthando lwakhe emva komtshato wakhe, xa wapapasha inoveli yakhe yokuqala, eyapapashwa, ngaphandle kwempumelelo, ngo-1947.. Ukususela ngoko, wazinikezela ekubhaleni ugxeko loncwadi lweli phephancwadi USeara nova, apho wayekwangumhlalutyi wenkcubeko. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1980 wabona ukungcwaliswa kwakhe njengombhali nomnye wemisebenzi yakhe.

Ezinye iincwadi zikaJosé de Sousa Saramago

Novelas

  • Umhlolokazi (1947);
  • Incwadana yemizobo kunye necalligraphy (1977);
  • Iphakanyisiwe emhlabeni (1980);
  • isikhumbuzo soonongendi (1982);
  • Unyaka wokusweleka kukaRicardo Reis (1984);
  • Isihlenga selitye (1986);
  • Imbali yokurhangqwa kweLisbon (1989);
  • IVangeli ngoYesu Kristu (1991);
  • Isincoko ngobumfama (1995);
  • Onke amagama (1997);
  • Umqolomba (2000);
  • Indoda ephindiweyo (2002);
  • Isincoko kwiLucidity (2004);
  • ixesha lokufa (2005);
  • Indlovu (2008);
  • UKayin (2009);
  • Isibhakabhaka (2011);
  • IiHalberds (2014).

Ibali

  • Phantse into (1978);
  • Ibali lesiqithi esingaziwayo (1998).

Abantwana kunye noLutsha

  • eyona ntyatyambo inkulu ehlabathini (2001);
  • Ukuthula kwamanzi (2011);
  • Ingwenya (2016).

Iidayari

  • Iincwadana zeLanzarote 1993-1995 (1997);
  • Iincwadana zeLanzarote II 1996-1997 (2002);
  • Incwadana yokubhalela (2009);
  • Incwadana yokugqibela (2011);
  • Incwadana yonyaka kaNobel (2018).

Iinkumbulo

  • Iinkumbulo ezincinci (2006).

Imibongo

  • Imibongo enokwenzeka (1966);
  • Mhlawumbi uvuyo (1970);
  • Unyaka we-1993 (1975).

ICrónica

  • Eli hlabathi kunye nezinye (1971);
  • Iisutikheyisi zabahambi (1973);
  • Amanqaku (1976);
  • Izimvo ezintlanu: ukuva (1979);
  • UMoby Dick eLisbon (1996);
  • Amaphepha ezopolitiko 1976-1998 (1999).

Ithiyetha

  • Ubusuku (1979);
  • Ndiza kwenza ntoni ngale ncwadi? (1980);
  • Ubomi besibini bukaFrancis waseAssisi (1987);
  • KwiNominengi Dei (1993);
  • UDon Giovanni okanye i-disolute ikhululwe (2005).

Uvavanyo

  • Iintetho zaseStockholm (1999);
  • Nika umfanekiso wamatye (1999);
  • Comment the personnage fut the maître and auteur are apprenti (1999);
  • Ngqo kunye nesiphelo (1999);
  • Apha ndingumZapatista. USaramago kubuGcisa obuhle (2000);
  • Amazwi ehlabathi elingcono (2004);
  • I-Questto mondo ayihambi kakuhle ukuba kungabikho mntu uzayo (2005);
  • Igama kunye nento (2006);
  • UAndrea Mantegna. Indlela yokuziphatha, i-aesthetic (2006);
  • Idemokhrasi kunye neYunivesithi (2010);
  • USaramago ngamazwi akhe (2010).

Shiya uluvo lwakho

Idilesi yakho ye email aziyi kupapashwa. ezidingekayo ziphawulwe *

*

*

  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Injongo yedatha: Ulawulo lwe-SPAM, ulawulo lwezimvo.
  3. Umthetho: Imvume yakho
  4. Unxibelelwano lwedatha: Idatha ayizukuhanjiswa kubantu besithathu ngaphandle koxanduva lomthetho.
  5. Ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha
  6. Amalungelo: Ngalo naliphi na ixesha unganciphisa, uphinde uphinde ucime ulwazi lwakho.