Isishwankathelo sento, nguCarmen Laforet

Nada (1945) yinoveli esetwe kwidolophu yasekhaya yombhali wayo, uCarmen Laforet waseBarcelona, ​​​​ngeminyaka emva kweMfazwe yamakhaya. Libali eligama lakhe lingumfazi omncinci osandul 'ukufika e-Barcelona ukuze aqalise imfundo yakhe yaseyunivesithi. Ngelo xesha, uluntu lwaseCatalan lwaluphakathi kweengxaki ezinzulu zentlalo noqoqosho kunye nokuziphatha.

Loo ndawo iyingozi ichazwa ngolwimi olukrwada, olungqalileyo nolungathotywanga ngumbhali waseIberia. Ngesi sizathu, Le noveli imele kakhulu "tremendismo", isitayile esibalisayo sasungulwa nguCamilo José Cela kunye Usapho lukaPascal Duarte (1942). Hayi ilize, Nada Yayiyincwadi ephumeleleyo yeembasa zeNadal kunye neFastenrath kwangaloo nyaka yapapashwayo.

Isishwankathelo se Nada

ukwamkelwa

U-Andrea ufika e-Barcelona kusasa ngololiwe ohlukileyo kunokuba bekucwangcisiwe ngokokuqala ngqa, akukho sizalwana simlindayo esitishini. Le ntombazana ichukumiseka kumbono wasebusuku wesixeko owayizalisa ngethemba xa isengumntwana. Kodwa iimvakalelo ziyaphela xa befika kwikhaya labo elitsha. Apho wamkelwa ngumakhulu obhidekileyo kunye nezingcikivo zika-Angustias ngokutshintsha oololiwe.

Ngokufanayo, ezinye izalamane—uTatomncinci uJuan nomfazi wakhe uGloria, uAntonia (isicakakazi) nomalume uRomán—bakhangeleka bekrakra. Ngapha koko, indlu inothuli, akukho manzi ashushu kwindlu yokuhlambela (emdaka) kwaye ukuphazamiseka kuyahamba kwi-divan elungiselelwe umfazi omncinci. Umbhodamo onjalo ubangelwa yifenitshala efunjwe emva kokuthengiswa kwesiqingatha sendlu ukunciphisa iingxaki zezoqoqosho.

Ubomi bemihla ngemihla obungathandekiyo

Iintlungu zemfazwe zibonakala elukhumbeni lwaseBarcelona kunye nobuso babemi bayo. Oku kwandisa ukuphazamiseka kwabemi bekhaya elitsha lika-Andrea, apho ukuhleba, ukungavisisani kunye neengxoxo rhoqo (ezinye zinamandla kakhulu) ziphefumlwa yonke imihla. Kuphela nguMalume onobuqili uRomán osele esecaleni kweyelenqe, egxile kwimicimbi yakhe nakwivayolin yakhe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, I-Angustias inegunya kunye ne-protagonist, nangona ngamaxesha athile ebonakalisa uthando nethuku elikhuselayo. Ekugqibeleni, U-Andrea uyaqonda ukuba kufuneka azimele yedwa ukuze asinde kukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okukhoyo kwindawo yokuhlala. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ixesha elininzi uchitha eYunivesithi, nto leyo emvumela ukuba enze abahlobo abatsha. Ngaloo ndlela wenza ubuhlobo obusondeleyo kunye no-Ena kunye neePons.

Iingxaki ziba mbi ngakumbi

I-ena, intombi kaJaime, yintombazana ephuma kwintsapho efumileyo; oko kumvumela ukuba aphathe uAndrea kwi-snacks kunye neziselo. Le yokugqibela ugqiba ukumnika -ngendlela yembuyekezo- itshefu awayeyinikwe nguMakhulu. Eso senzo sobubele sazisa iingxaki kumlinganiswa oyintloko ngexesha lesidlo seKrisimesi kunye nosapho (isiganeko esigcwele uvuyo lobuxoki kunye noxinzelelo).

Ngeli xesha, i-protagonist sele isazi ngokuphathwa kakubi kukaMalume uJuan kumfazi wakhe uGloria. Kungekudala emva koko, uMakazi uAngustias ukhetha ukuzihlalela kwindlu yoonongendi. Ngenxa yoko, u-Andrea uziva engakhuselekanga kwaye ephuthelwa kakhulu ngenxa yeemfazwe zasekhaya kunye ne-parrot ecasulayo yaseRoma. Ukwenza izinto zibe mbi ngakumbi, intombazana inokukwazi ukuthenga isonka sayo sakusasa kuphela.

Iingxaki kunye neengxabano

Kuphela kukuphuma kunye no-Ena kunye noJaime kubonakala ngathi kuxolisa indlala kunye nobunzima buka-Andrea. Njengoko iiveki ziqengqeleka, ukhulisa abahlobo bakhe aze achithe ixesha elininzi efunda kumzi wogcino-zincwadi waseyunivesithi. Ngokunxuseneyo, ubudlelwane no-Ena buba yinto engaqhelekanga kuba lo mva uqala ukuthandana noMalume uRomán.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-protagonist icela umhlobo wakhe ukuba ayeke ukumtyelela iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ngeli xesha, I-Pons ithatha isigqibo sokuya ku-Andrea, kodwa ekugqibeleni ayiphumeleli injongo yakhe. Kukho nawuphi na, intombazana idibana namanye amagcisa angabahlobo benkwenkwe kwaye umoya we-bohemian uyamnceda ukuba anqobe ubunzima bakhe.

Isigqibo

Kamva, uAndrea ngokuthe ngcembe uyamazi umama kaEna. Kuyabonakala ukuba, eli nenekazi lalikade libuhlungu kuMlambo iRomán. Ngoko ke, ukukrokra komlinganiswa kukhula de u-Ena aveze iyelenqe lakhe: ukuhenda umRoma aze amshiye ethotyiwe... Ngaloo ndlela unokuphindezela imbeko kamama wakho.

Ekugqibeleni U-Ena uyemka esiya eMadrid emva kokufikelela usukelo lwakhe kwaye uRomán ugqiba kwelokuba azibulale ngencakuba. Noko ke, kwikhaya lentsapho, umakazi uGloria owayephethwe kakubi utyholwa ngawo onke amashwa akhoyo, kuquka ukutyholwa ngokuba ngunobangela wokufa kukaRomán. Ekuvaleni, u-Andrea ulandela ekhondweni lomhlobo wakhe kwaye uthi ndlela-ntle ngesithembiso somsebenzi kwikomkhulu.

Malunga nombhali, uCarmen Laforet

Ukuzalwa, ubuntwana kunye nolutsha

UCarmen Laforet Díaz wazalelwa eBarcelona ngoSeptemba 6, 1921. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, yena—intombi enkulu kumtshato wegcisa lamaCatalan nomfundisi-ntsapho waseToledo— Watshintshelwa ngabazali bakhe eGran Canaria. Abantakwabo abancinane abathandayo, uEduardo noJuan, bazalelwa kwesi siqithi. Ngelishwa, umama wasweleka kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokuzalwa kowokugqibela.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, UMnu. Laforet akazange athabathe thuba lide ukuba aphinde atshate, kodwa uCarmen oselula akazange alondoloze ulwalamano oluhle nomama wakhe wesibini. Le meko ibonakaliswe ngumbhali ngobunkedama babalinganiswa abaphambili abaliqela. Injalo imeko kaAndrea (Nada), uMaria Way in Isiqithi kunye needemon zaso (1952) kunye noMartin Soto kwi Ukunyanzeliswa (1963).

Umsebenzi woncwadi kunye nomtshato

Nje ukuba iMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain iphele, ULaforet wabuyela e-Barcelona ngenjongo eqinileyo yokufunda iFilosofi. Noko ke, akazange alugqibe olo gqatso kunye nezifundo zakhe zomthetho, awathi waziqala kwiYunivesithi yaseMadrid ngo-1942. Nada ngo-1945, incwadi yokuqala yoncwadi yanconywa ngabahlalutyi kunye nabafundi. Njengoko bekutshiwo, le noveli ibalasele kwisitayile esibalisayo se "tremendismo", eyasungulwa nguCamilo José Cela kunye Usapho lukaPascal Duarte.

Kunyaka olandelayo, UCarmen Laforet watshata noManuel Cerezales —intatheli kunye nomgxeki woncwadi—, awatshata naye de kwangowe-1970 waza waba nabantwana abahlanu. Ngeli xesha upapashe iinoveli ezimfutshane ezintlanu, iincwadi zamabali ezintathu kunye nezikhokelo ezimbini zokuhamba (ngaphandle kweenoveli ezimbini eziyimpumelelo ezikhankanywe kwicandelo elingaphambili).

Umhlalaphantsi kubomi boluntu kunye nokukhutshwa kwamva nje

Ngokuqinisekileyo, umbhali we-Barcelona akazange abe nemveliso yoncwadi ebanzi, mhlawumbi ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluza nempumelelo evakalayo kunye nephambi kwexesha.. Ngaphaya koko, ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, umbhali wachaza iimpawu zokuqala ze-Alzheimer's Disease. Ngenxa yoko, wayebonwa kancinci nangaphantsi kuluntu.

NgoFebruwari 28, 2004, UCarmen Laforet wasweleka eMajadahonda, kwiCommunity of Madrid; wayeneminyaka engama-82 ubudala. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, amabali athi "Rosamunda" kunye "noAl Colegio" avela kwiimbali ezibalisayo zaseSpain. amabali ale nkulungwane (1995) kunye oomama neentombi (1996), ngokulandelelanayo.

Ezinye iimpapasho

• amanqaku oncwadi (1977), ukuhlanganiswa kwawo onke amanqaku akhe apapashiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku;
• Ndingathembela kuwe (2003), imbalelwano.

Iimpapasho zasemva kokufa

• Ileta eya kuDon Juan (2007), incwadi eqokelela onke amabali amafutshane kaLaforet;
• Romeo y Julieta (2008), ukuhlanganiswa kwawo onke amabali akhe othando;
• Intliziyo nomphefumlo (1947-1952) (2017), imbalelwano.