Fuenteovejuna: Isishwankathelo

Imvelaphiovejuna yintlekele eyahlulwe yaba zizenzo ezithathu. Lo mdlalo wabhalwa ngexesha leGolden Age—ngokukodwa, phakathi kowe-1612 nowe-1614—ngumbhali wemidlalo waseSpeyin uLope de Vega. Emva koko, umbhalo wapapashwa ngo-1619, ngaphakathi kwe I-Dozena sic Inxalenye ye-Lope de Vega's Comedies. Le ncwadi ithathwa njengenye yeziqwenga ezinkulu zombhali, kunye nezihloko ezinje Umphathi we-Ocaña kunye noSodolophu obalaseleyo, ukumkani y peribanez.

Njengakwimisebenzi emininzi yombhali weNgesi kunye nembongi uWilliam Shakespeare, Imvelaphiovejuna iye yaba yi-iconography yomzabalazo wentlalo: yeyabantu abamanyanayo ukuze kupheliswe intswela-bulungisa ebenzakalisayo kwaye ibathobe isidima, ngelixa isusa isidima nexabiso labo.

Isishwankathelo se Imvelaphiovejuna

Isenzo sokuqala (Indlela yokwenza, imiboniso eli-12)

umkhohlakali okhethekileyo

Imvelaphiovejuna Isekelwe kwimeko yokwenyani yembali. Ilawula ixesha lookumkani bamaKatolika, uIsabel noFernando—1474-1516—. Amacebo amabini, ezentlalo kunye nezopolitiko, adibanisa kwaye ahlalise imicimbi. Oku kwenzeka kwidolophu yaseCordoba eFuente Obejuna. Ngokomgaqo, eli bali lilandela uMphathi uFernán Gómez de Guzmán, oseAlmagro, ngoxa wayencokola nenkosi yaseCalatrava.

UFernán uxhalabile kukuqalisa kwemfazwe. Ukumkani usandul’ ukufa kwaye kukho amaqela amabini afuna ukuthweswa ukumkanikazi omtsha: udadewabo u-Isabel, kunye nentombi yakhe ekuthiwa nguJuana. Kukulungele uGómez de Guzmán ukuba uJuana anyulweNgenxa yesi sizathu, uya kubona inkosi yaseCalatrava, ukumqinisekisa ukuba alwe ecaleni kwakhe.

Le ndoda ikwintlangano yonqulo enempembelelo engavumiyo ukuthobela imiyalelo yakhe nawuphi na ukumkani, kuba iphuma kuThixo wayo kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, Emva kokudlala ngamagama, uFernán uyamcenga ukuba ajoyine isizathu sakhe.

EObejuna Fountain

EFuente Obejuna kukho abemi abangama-500 kuphela, yaye ubomi ngokuqhelekileyo buhamba ngokuzolileyo. Le mihlaba yeyesithsaba saseSpain, kodwa ookumkani bavumela uMphathi woBomi ukuba awasebenzise ukutshintshiselana nokhuseleko lomkhosi. Nangona kunjalo, UFernán akabakhuseli abantu belali, kunoko uyabaxhaphaza. Kukule meko apho sidibana noPascuala noLaurencia.

Owokugqibela yintombi kaSodolophu uEsteban. La manenekazi athi adinwe yindlela uMlawuli awaphatha ngayo abasetyhini, asebenzisa ngaphandle komkhethe ukwanelisa iminqweno yakhe yenyama. Ngokubanzi, uFernán usebenzisa ilungelo le-seigneur - uxhwila abasanda kutshata kwaye abanyanzele ukuba babelane ngebhedi yakhe. Le yindlela yokuqhubela phambili ukuthotywa kwabemi.

Ukuthatyathwa kweCiudad Real

UMphathi kunye nabakhonzi bakhe bafika eFuente Obejuna phakathi kwencoko yamanenekazi, ngokuziqhenya ngokubanga ukunqoba kwakhe eCiudad Real. Ekuqaleni, abahlali bawuqhwabela izandla umsebenzi wakhe. Noko ke, le ndoda igqiba kwelokuba izivuze ngokuqweqwedisa uLaurencia noPascuala. Amanenekazi ayaxhathisa aze abaleke. UFernán wothukile yaye unomsindo.

Ngaphakathi, uvakalelwa kukuba lilungelo lakhe, kwaye akanakuze abulibale ubukrwada obunjalo. Okwangoku, umntu ozenza itrone, u-Isabel, kunye nomyeni wakhe uFernando, bagqiba ekubeni bathumele umkhosi wabo ukuba babuyisele i-Ciudad Real, ukuze aphephe ukufikelela kwimikhosi kaJuana kunye namahlakani akhe. UFernán uyalibetha ngoyaba eli nyathelo, kuba uziva engoyisile. Kamva, uMphathi ufumanisa uLaurencia ehlathini.

Ingxabano kunye nabathandi

UFernán ukholelwa ukuba uLaurencia uyedwa, kodwa ukunye nomthandi oselula ogama linguFrondoso. Kwimizuzu ngaphambi koko, le nkwenkwe yacenga eli nenekazi ukuba litshate ngoko nangoko, kodwa lalingafuni, kuba lalicinga ukuba bafanele balinde baze bacele imvume kuyise. Wathi akuva ihashe likaMphathi, uFrondoso uzimela emva kwemithi.

Ke UFernán usondela kuLaurencia aze amjije ngomthi onqamlezileyo.. Nangona kunjalo, Unegqabi uyayishiya indawo yakhe yokuzimela, uthatha isixhobo asibhekise kuMphathi, efuna ukuba akhulule isithandwa sakhe. Emva koko indoda ishiywa ingenandlela yimbi ngaphandle kokuba ibaleke ngeenyawo, ithotyiwe yaye ingaxhobanga.

Umthetho weSibini (Iqhina, imiboniso eli-17)

Emva kwexesha, abantu belali babamba indibano. Bathetha ngemibandela eyahlukahlukeneyo yaye abanakukuphepha ukuthetha ngelinge lokudlwengulwa uLaurencia awajamelana nalo. Xa usodolophu efumanisa ngesi sikhalo, uMphathi ubuyela edolophini, kwaye esoyika ukujongana nabahlali. UFernán Gómez ubakhumbuza ukuba abanambeko yokuba ngabantu nje abaqhelekileyo.

Ukwabacacisela ukuba abafazi babo bafanele bazive benethamsanqa lokuhoywa kwabo. Ngelixa uMphathi exoxa nabakhonzi bakhe ukuba kutheni abantu belali bevukela kangaka, Iindaba ezintsha zifika: UCiudad Real wafunyanwa nguIsabel noFernandoNgoko uFernán uyabaleka ukuya kuhlola oko kwenzekayo.

Yabahlobo abalungileyo kunye nemilo emide

ULaurencia noPascuala baphambi kwechibi, bekunye nomfana ohlekisayo ogama linguMengo. Bavuma kuye indlela abamoyika ngayo uMphathi. Ngeli xesha, U-Laurencia naye uqinisekisa ukuba uFrondoso uyindoda enkulu, kwaye uyayithanda isibindi awamkhusela ngaso., nangona engekakulungeli ukumnika isandla sakhe. Kwimizuzu kamva, kufika omnye umhlali welali ogama linguJacinta. Lo mfazi ubaleka amadoda kaMphathi, amleqa efuna ukumdlwengula.

Emva koko, uMengo ucela abafazi ukuba babaleke. Okwangoku, uhlala ngasemva ukuze akhusele uJacinta. Into yokuqala ayizamayo kukuthetha namadoda kaFernán Gómez, kodwa oku akusebenzi. Abancedisi abamhoyi uMengo baze bamohlwaye ngemivimbo ngokufuna umngeni kubo. Emva koko, Baxhwila uJacinta baze bamlahle ngokuthanda kwakhe, nto leyo ecaphukisa idolophu yonke.

Umtshato weCommander kunye nokuziphindezela

Usodolophu kunye nabantu kaFuente Obejuna baxoxa ngezenzo ezimbi zoMthetheli, bacenge Bhayi Bhayi yintoni uIsabella —utshaba lukaJuan yaye, ngenxa yoko, lukaFernán Gómez— ukuphumelela imfazwe, kuba yayiza kuba yindlela yokukhulula abantu kwiinkxwaleko zabo. Kamva, uFrondoso ukhuthazwa ukuba atyelele u-Esteban ukuze acele isandla sikaLaurencia. Usodolophu, ebona intliziyo entle yale nkwenkwe, wamkela ngovuyo.

Kungekudala emva kokuba baququzelele umtshato. Ngelixa kusenzeka oku, Umphathi unomsindo: Imikhosi ka-Isabel iphumelele emfazweni, kwaye inkosi kaCalatrava imxelela ukuba uya kubuyela kubantu bakhe, eshiya umfelandawonye wakhe ngasemva. Ebona ukuba yonke into ayihambanga kakuhle, uFernán ubuyela eFuente Obejuna ukuze ayikhuphele ngaphandle edolophini.

Kwinto ebonakalayo, udibana nomtshato kaLaurencia noFrondoso. Elawulwa ngumsindo, uyalibamba isoka aze aliqweqwedise eli bhinqa liselula. Xa usodolophu u-Esteban equbisana noFernán Gómez, uComendador wohlutha intonga yakhe. kwaye uqala ukumbetha ngayo. Bonke abemi balapho bavutha ngumsindo, kodwa boyika gqitha ukuthetha nantoni na.

Isenzo sesithathu (I-denouement, imiboniso engama-25)

Uvukelo

Xa uMthetheli ehamba nabathinjwa bakhe, abahlali yedolophu idibana kwintlanganiso engaqhelekanga. Badiniwe zizenzo ezimanyumnyezi zikaFernán, yaye bagqiba kwelokuba bayiphelise le ngxaki ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka.. Abanye abantu baqinisekisa ukuba kufuneka bayishiye idolophu, abanye, ukuba esona sisombululo kukuya phambi kookumkani ukuze baphelise uFernán Gómez. Akukho nanye enika isicombululo esisengqiqweni.

kwandule ke kube ngamahlwempu ULaurencia ivela embindini weseshoni, ibethiwe kwaye imdaka. Wayekhe wazamana namadoda kaMphathi, embetha kanobom. Nangona kunjalo, intombazana wakwazi ukusaba ephila. Abancinci jongana nabahlali. Kuye, bonke bangamagwala avumela uFernán ukuba afikelele kwezo mbono zigabadeleyo, ebakhumbuza ngazo zonke izenzo eziphosakeleyo ezenziwa ngulo mbandela.

Ukuziphindezela, isisombululo kunye nesohlwayo

ULaurencia, enomsindo, ucebisa isisombululo esigqithisileyo: bulala uMphathi. Abahlali balapho badubula ngentetho yakhe ekhuthazayo, kwaye balungiselela ngezixhobo nezibane ukuzingela eli rhamncwa. Bonke abemi—amadoda, abafazi, abadala nabancinane—baya kwindlu kaGómez, ekupheleni kwedolophu. Ekuqaleni uMphathi akabahoyi. Ukhupha umyalelo wokuba axhonywe uFrondoso aze azole elo hlokondiba.

Kodwa akukho nanye kuloo nto inendawo ngelo xesha. Abahlali baloo dolophana bangena endlwini baze babulale izicaka. UMlawuli, ebona ubukhulu bengozi, uthatha isigqibo sokuthethathethana, kwaye ubanikeze ukukhululwa kweFrondoso. Nakuba kunjalo, xa inkwenkwe ikhululiwe ingena kweso sihlwele. Abemi baseFuente Obejuna batshabalalisa indlu kaFernán. Emva kwesi siganeko, ekugqibeleni, bonke bayambulala umntu owabaphatha kakubi izihlandlo ezininzi.

Umbulali yayinguFuente Obejuna

Emva kokubulala uMphathi, idolophu yonke ibulala abalandeli abaseleyo. Bonke abo babemcaphukise uJacinta, babetha uMengo nezinye izinto ezikhohlakeleyo, bapheliswa; Noko ke, omnye wabona bakhonzi bathembekileyo bakaFernán uyakwazi ukusaba. Le ndoda ifika kuIsabel noFernando, ize icele abaphulaphuli. Enzakele, ubalisa ibali ngokwembono yakhe, efuna ukufa kombulali kunye nesohlwayo esingumzekelo kwidolophu.

Ookumkani bavumelana noku, ngoko bathumela umgwebi ukuze aligocagoce lo mbandela. Kule lali, abantu babhiyozela ukufa kukaFernán Gómez nokoyisa kookumkani bamaKatolika. Ngelo xesha, umtshato phakathi kukaLaurencia noFrondoso ugqityiwe.

Isigwebo, uloyiso lokulungileyo

Abantu barhanela ukuba ngaxesha lithile kuza kufika umthunywa ovela kwiikumkani eze kubabuza ngeli tyala. Banikwa oku, bacwangcisa ukuba wonke umntu uya kuphendula ntoni xa ebuzwa ukuba ngubani umbulali. Ukufika ijaji yababuza ngokufa kukaFernán, apho ahlala efumana impendulo efanayo engaqhelekanga: "UFuente Obejuna uyenzile, mhlekazi." Ekubeni ingekho enye impendulo, le ndoda igqiba kwelokuba ibhenele ekuthuthumbiseni.

I-Pascuala ibotshelelwe kwi-rack, i-Mengo, ixhonywe. Ixhego nomntwana bayangcungcuthekiswa. Nokuba yeyiphi na inkxwaleko yabantu abangama-300 abangcolileyo, bonke abahlali baphinda bathi: "UFuente Obejuna uyenzile, mhlekazi." Ijaji ichukumisekile lumanyano namandla abahlali belali, ngaloo ndlela bebuya belambatha. Emva koko, unikela ingxelo yakhe kookumkani.

ukuxolelwa okanye ukufa

Ijaji ikhumbuza iingangamsha zabo Unokhetho ezimbini kuphela: okanye uxolele kubantu abaqhelekileyo, o les bayabulala kubo bonke. Ngelo xesha, ookumkani bacela ubukho bomtyholwa.

Xa abantu belali befika ebhotwe, bamangaliswa bubuhle bale ndawo. Ngoko, U-Isabel uyabuza ukuba ngaba abo bantu ngaba bahlaseli, yaye aba bachazela ukumkanikazi bonke ububi awababangelayo uMthetheleli, ebambelele ngokuqinileyo kubo impendulo inikwe uMgwebi: ukuba YayinguFuente Obejuna owabulala uFernán.

Ookumkani bayakhwankqiswa ngamandla amakhulu abantu. Emva kokubonisana, bagqiba kwelokuba babasindise bonke. Ukuphakama kwabo kongezelela ukuba, okwangoku, abayi kunikwa uMphathi, kwaye imihlaba iya kusetyenziswa ngookumkani kuphela. Abantu basedolophini bayasivuyela eso sigwebo, njengoko bebahlonela abalawuli babo abatsha.

Malunga nombhali, uFélix Lope de Vega

UFeliks Lope de Vega Carpio Wazalwa ngo-1562, eMadrid, eSpeyin. Ungomnye wababhali abamele kakhulu beSpanish Golden Age. Ngendlela efanayo, ukucotha komsebenzi wakhe kwenza iVega ibe ngomnye wababhali bemidlalo abafanelekileyo kulo lonke uncwadi lwehlabathi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo kuqwalaselwa ukuba uLope de Vega -I-phoenix yeewits- wayengomnye wabalandeli abakhulu beBaroque yaseSpain. Lo mbhali wayengomnye wababhali beengoma ezinkulu kulwimi lweSpanish. Ngenxa yesakhono sakhe sokudala, wabhala iinoveli kunye nezihloko ezibalisayo kwiprozi kunye neendinyana. Esi sixhobo sihlala sikhona, kwaye siyaqhubeka nokuboniswa kwiithiyetha kwihlabathi jikelele.

Eminye yemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yeLope de Vega

• Isithandwa esinengqiqo (1604);
• Isinyithi saseMadrid (1608);
• Eli nenekazi lisileyo (1613);
• Inja emkhombeni (1618);
• isohlwayo ngaphandle kwempindezelo (1631).