
Ukufota: ngoncedo lombhali
Nuria Quintana wazalwa e IMadrid ngo-1995, kodwa wahamba kunye nosapho lwakhe eGalicia, apho wachitha khona ebuntwaneni bakhe. Uphumelele kuNxibelelwano lwe-Audiovisual kunye noLawulo lweShishini kunye noLawulo eMadrid kwaye unomdla wokufota nokubhala. Inoveli yakhe yokuqala yaba Indlu ye-magnolia, eye yalandelwa Igadi kaOlavide. Kolu dliwano-ndlebe uthetha nathi ngaye kunye neminye imixholo emininzi. Ndiyabulela kakhulu ngobubele kunye nexesha lakho.
Nuria Quintana Udliwanondlebe
- UNCWADI NGOKU: Incwadana yakho yamva inesihloko Igadi kaOlavide. Usixelela ntoni kuyo kwaye ifuthe lakho livela phi?
UNURIA QUINTANA: Nge Imbali yaseMadrid Njengomva, sidibana neqela le abahlobo abancinci bezama ukufumana indawo yabo kuluntu oluvala amazwi abo. U-Úrsula, umfundisi-ntsapho wabo womculo, ubamba iintlanganiso ezifihlakeleyo kwiziko labo lemfundo apho banokuzivumela ukuba bathethe ngokukhululekileyo nalapho ebafundisa khona ukubaluleka kolwazi.
Isicwangciso sesicwangciso esiphambili sexesha elidlulileyo yi Igadi yase-El Capricho, apho ndaphefumlelwa khona ukuba ndiyile okuninzi kweli bali. Yigadi ye-hermetic, enesimboli yeMasonic kwaye inxulumene neCamino de Santiago. Fihla enkulu umyalezo phakathi kweendonga zayo kunye nolwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo, ezibonakala zithembekile kule noveli. Kuyo yonke imbali, ndidlale ngokutolika lo myalezo ngokukhululekileyo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, en okwangoku, kuvela endala ukufotowa loo nto itshintsha imbali yosapho UJosefina, uJulia kunye noCandela, amabhinqa amathathu endiphonononga ngawo i utshintsho lwesizukulwana kunye neendlela ezizuzwe njengelifa-ukuziphatha kunye neenkolelo ezifuna ukukhululwa ngamanye amaxesha. Ngenxa yomfanekiso, a imfihlakalo uqhelene: a usana luye lwanyamalala yekhaya elihle eMadrid ngelo xesha ngaphandle kokushiya umkhondo. Iya kuba nguJulia oya kuqalisa uhambo oluya kwixesha elidlulileyo efuna iimpendulo kwaye, kwakhona, ukuxolelwa. Ukuxolelwa kuye nakwizinyanya zakhe.
Ufundo lokuqala
- AL: Ngaba uyazikhumbula naziphi na izifundo zakho zokuqala? Kwaye into yokuqala oyibhalileyo?
NQ: Ngethamsanqa, ndikhulele kwindlu ezele ziincwadi kwaye ndaqala ukufunda ndiselula kakhulu. Ndibhale ixesha endilifumeneyo URoald Dahl, ndaziva ndinomdla kumlingo wamabali abo, apho kubonakala kungekho nto iyinyani kwaye, ngexesha elifanayo, yonke into inokwenzeka. Yayiyenye yezihloko zakhe, Amagqwirha, inyani yokuba yandikhuthaza ukuba ndibhale into endandiyibiza ngokuthi inoveli yam yokuqala ngelo xesha, kodwa eneneni ayengekho ngaphezu kwamaphepha alishumi elinesibini. Wayenayo 12 iminyaka kwaye ndisamkhumbula imvakalelo oko ndaziva njengoko amazwi ekhula kwaye esakha ibali, umbane owandiqhubela ukuqhubeka ndibhala ekhompyutheni, ndilangazelela ukubona ibali lam lokuqala ligqityiwe.
Ababhali nabalinganiswa
- AL: Umbhali ophambili? Unokukhetha ngaphezulu kwesinye kwaye kuwo onke amaxesha.
NQ: Ndingakhankanya amaninzi kwaye nganye nganye ibalulekile, kuba ekugqibeleni ilizwi elibalisayo lenziwe ngamakhulu amabali esiwafundileyo-kwaye ahlala kuwo-. Ukuba bekufuneka ndikhethe, ndingachaza UJavier Cercas, UCristina López Barrio, Khaled Hosseini, Kate Morton, Amy Tan. Kwaye, ukubuyela emva kwexesha, Agatha Christie, Oscar Wilde kunye noJane Austen.
- AL: Nguwuphi umlinganiswa onqwenela ukuhlangana naye kunye nokwenza?
NQ: Omnye wabalinganiswa abandinike umdla mva nje ngulo Agnes, de Hamnet, ibhalwe nguMaggie O'Farrell. Wakhiwe ngokumangalisayo, ungumfazi okhululekileyo, ongaqondakaliyo ogcina ubudlelwane obunzulu nendalo. U-Agnes uyakwazi ukubona into abanye abangayihoyiyo, ukwazisa uloyiko, amaxhala, eyona njongo yezenzo zabantu. Iqubha ngokuchasene nomsinga kwaye izenzele izigqibo ngaphandle kokulinda imvume yomntu. Kuyo yonke le noveli uyabandezeleka kwaye ujongene nentlungu ngesidima, uhamba kuyo ngaphandle kokuyikhaba. Yi umoya wemvukelo kunye nowasendle uvalelwe kumzimba womfazi ozimeleyo, osebenza nzima nonobubele.
Andazi ukuba bendingathanda ntoni ngaphezulu, ukuyidala okanye ukukwazi ukuyazi.
Amasiko kunye neentlobo
- AL: Ngaba unayo nayiphi na imikhwa okanye imikhwa xa kufikwa ekubhaleni nasekufundeni?
NQ: Ngaphambi ukuqala uku ubhale Ndiyathanda ukuzenzela ikomityi ye iti kunye izivakalisi zokuqala Ndihlala ndiwabhala ephepheni. Oku kundinceda ndingene ebalini, ndiye kwixesha endibhala ngalo, kwaye ndisondele kubalinganiswa bam. Ndiyabulela ephepheni ndiyazisusa kwinyani, kuba eyona nto inzima kukushiya isiqhelo, amaxhala emihla ngemihla, kwaye uzintywilisele ngokupheleleyo kwihlabathi lendalo.
Ngokumalunga nokufunda, ndifuna ukuthula, kungenjalo kunzima kakhulu kum ukuphumeza ugxininiso endilufunayo xa ndivula incwadi.
- AL: Kwaye indawo oyikhethileyo kunye nexesha lokwenza oko?
NQ: Ndihlala ndibhalela i ngentsasa. Ndiphakame ndenze ikomityi yeti ndiyohlala edesikeni yam. Ndidinga ukuthula kunye nokuqhelana negumbi lam ukuzisa amabali ebomini, yeyona ndawo kuphela apho ndingabhala khona iiyure ngaphandle kokuphulukana nokugxila. Ngemihla yam Ndihlala ndiphethe incwadi yokubhalela ebhegini yam ukuze ndibhale amanqaku, ngakumbi xa ndiseluhambeni okanye ndityelele iimyuziyam nemiboniso. Awazi ukuba impembelelo inokuthi ifike phi.
- AL: Loluphi olunye uhlobo oluthandayo?
NQ: Isincoko, ukugxekwa, umdlalo ohlekisayo. Kolu hlobo lokugqibela, ndonwabela ngakumbi iimeko ezingenangqondo nezihlekisayo ezityhila iinyaniso zendalo iphela, zisebenzisa uburharha ngobukrelekrele.
- AL: Ufunda ntoni ngoku? Ukubhala?
NQ: Ngoku ndiyafunda Indlela, nguMiguel Ukunyoba. Yinoveli yesimilo esibonisa ubunyani beminyaka yoo-50 eSpain, kodwa eneneni, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ngebali kukuba linokubhalwa nangaliphi na ixesha kuba lithetha ngemixholo engaphelelwa lixesha. UMiguel Delibes uyakwazi ukuyenza ngobubele, ngokujonga umntwana ongenatyala kunye nabemi bedolophu yakhe.
Inoveli entsha
Ndibhala inoveli yam yesithathu, eza kuthi inikwe isihloko Inkumbulo yehlathi. Ukumiselwa kwexesha elidlulileyo, iDelibes ejikelezwe ziintaba apho abemi abambalwa kunye nabambalwa bahlala khona, indivumele ukuba ndihlolisise enye yeentsapho zokugqibela ubudlelwane obusondeleyo obusekwe phakathi kwabantu kunye nendalo kwiindawo ezizimeleyo. Kwizizukulwana ezininzi siya kukhapha olu sapho njengoko utshintsho lugungqisa ubomi babo kwaye luguqule ulungelelwaniso oluphunyeziweyo ehlathini, apho okokuqala ngqa alusenalo ikamva eliqinisekisiweyo. Ukuthandabuza phakathi kokushiya okanye ukuhlala, phakathi kokushiya indawo abakhulele kuyo, ekuphela kwayo abamaziyo, okanye ukuhlala, besazi ukuba imini iya kufika xa bebodwa, iya kuba sisiqalo esiphambili sexesha elidlulileyo.
Kumda wexesha le khona inoveli iqala nge ukubonakala kwamatonela engazange ibonakale kwiimephu zendawo yamandulo elityelweyo. Oku kufunyenweyo kuya kuphinda kuvule isiganeko esingasonjululwanga esenzeka efama ngobusuku obandulela IKrismesi de 1935: abanye abahlaseli Bafika kwibhotwe baza bashiya umniniyo enzakele kakhulu. Abazange babafumane abenzi bobubi, kodwa kwiminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe kamva, ukubonakala kwesono yegalari ze a imbasa endala Ngomfanekiso ongaphakathi, uya kutshintsha yonke into.
Umbono wangoku
- AL: Ucinga ukuba unjani umcimbi wopapasho?
NQ: Idatha ithi abantu abatsha baseSpain bafunda ngakumbi nangakumbi kwaye, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ngumyalezo wethemba. Iincwadi zingumthombo wolwazi, njengoko uCristina López Barrio esitsho kwenye yeencwadi zakhe, “ziyinkumbulo yehlabathi,” yaye zikwasinceda ukuba siqonde into yokwenene, ukuze sicombulule iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo zomphefumlo womntu. Ukufunda kuyimfuneko ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi kwaye, ngokwam amava, ndiyakholelwa ukuba umkhwa ufunyenwe kwangoko, kokukhona uhlala ixesha elide.
- AL: Uziva njani ngeli xesha siphila kulo?
NQ: Kutshanje andikhange ndikwazi ukufunda iindaba malunga nezinto ezenzekayo ehlabathini ngaphandle kokuziva ndiphoxekile, ndinomsindo kwaye ndingento yanto, zonke ngaxeshanye. Bendikholelwa ukuba sisiya kwixesha elivuleleke ngakumbi kwaye sisazi, kodwa ngalo lonke ixesha kuqhambuka ungquzulwano olutsha ndiye ndicinge kwakhona ukuba ngaba ngenene sihamba kwicala elifanelekileyo. Akunakuphepheka ukuzibuza enoba abantu baya kuze bafunde kwiimpazamo namasikizi exesha elidluleyo ukuze bangaphindi bazenze kwakhona.